ᐊᔅᑲᕐ ᒍᕋᐃᓐᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ
ᐊᔅᑲᕐ ᒍᕋᐃᓐᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᑭᖑᐊᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒃᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᐅᑉ ᑭᖑᐊᓂ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᑎᑦᓯᙱᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᒡᒍᓯᕐᓗ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ +1 ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥ ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑎᑦᓯᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ.
ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᖅᑎᑦᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐊᔅᑲᕐ ᒍᕋᐃᓐᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑐᕌᒐᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑕᐅᔪᓂᒡᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐊᒡᒍᓰᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᕐᓂᖏᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᕐᓂᖏᑦᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᖁᓛᓪᓚᕆᖓᓂᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᓂ ᐊᑖᓪᓚᕆᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᑦᑎᕐᓂᖏᑦ. ᐊᖏᓛᖅ ᒥᑭᓕᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᓛᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑯᓐᓂᑦᑐᑦ, ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᔪᒧᑦ 2.70%, ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓃᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᑦᑎᑐᑦ.
ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒍ
ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᓯᔪᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᒃᑐᐊᓂᖅ +1-ᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑎᓗᒍ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᖓᓂᒃ ᖁᓚᐃᓐᓇᙱᓪᓗᓂ. +1-ᒥ ᓄᑖᖅ ᐊᒃᑐᐊᓂᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᑦ ᐃᓱᓕᓐᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂ.
ᐊᔅᑲᕐ ᒍᕋᐃᓐᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᕙ?
ᐊᒡᒍᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥᒃᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᑐᙵᕕᒋᔭᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ. ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᓇᓕᐊᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᒃᐸᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᑲᓐᓂᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᐊᔪᒐᒃᐸᑦ, ᑐᓪᓕᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒃᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᒡᒍᓯᖅ +1 ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑎᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᐃᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓇᓂ. ᐊᒡᒍᓯᖅ +1-ᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᑉᐸᑦ, ᓄᑖᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᐊᑎᖓ ᓱᓕᔪᖅ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᖅ. ᐋᓚᓐ ᐅᐃᐅᓴᓐ (Allan Wilson) Casino Gambler’s Guide-ᒥ 1965-ᒥ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑎᐊᔅᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᒥᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᐃᒃᑲᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᔅᑲᕐ ᐊᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ.
ᐊᒡᒍᓯᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᕙ?
L L L W W W (L = ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ, W = ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ): ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᑦ 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1. −3 + 1 + 2 = 0 ᑭᖑᐊᓂ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᑭᒡᓕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, 1 (3-ᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ), +1-ᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ. ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑎᓃᑦ −1 −1 −1 +1 +2 +1 = +1. ᐊᒡᒍᓯᖅ ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᑭᖑᐊᓂ, ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖃᖅᓗᓂ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒡᓗ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖃᖅᓗᓂ.
ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᕙ?
ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᑭᖑᐊᓂ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒃᐸᒃᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓃᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒃᑎᑦᓯᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓃᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᒡᒍᓰᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓕᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ: ᐊᒡᒍᓯᖅ −8-ᒧᑦ ᐊᑦᑎᒧᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒃᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᓪᓗ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒃᐸᓗᐊᓂᐊᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑎᓂᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᑎᑐᑦᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ. ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖅ ᑕᒪᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᑐᒧᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᓯᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᒥᑭᓐᓂᖅ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒃᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᓰᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᓗᑎᒃ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᑎᖓ.
- p10 −$500
- p25 −$500
- ᐊᑯᓐᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ −$500
- p75 −$500
- p90 −$500
ᐊᔅᑲᕐ ᒍᕋᐃᓐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᕙ?
ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᑕ 1/37-ᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᒡᒍᓯᖅ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᑦ 1/37-ᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᖅ. ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓃᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᑦ ᒥᑭᐃᓐᓇᕐᒪᑕ, ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᕐᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᔪᒐᐅᑎᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᕼᐋᓐᑐᓪ, ᐋᒃᓴᓐ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᒥᑭᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᖓ ᐊᕐᓕᒃᓗᒍ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ; ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᕐᒥ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᒥᑭᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᓂ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᓂᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖅᒪᓕᒐᖅ ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᐃᔪᖅ. ᐊᑲᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ ᖁᕝᕙᑦᑎᔪᑦ, ᐱᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑭᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᓂᓪᓕᓛᖑᔪᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓂᕆᐊᖅᑐᐃᓂᐅᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᓱᓕᔪᖅ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ.
ᑭᓇᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᐸᑦ, ᓱᒻᒪᓪᓗ?
ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᒪᔪᑦ, ᐊᓪᓚᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᒪᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒡᒍᓯᕐᒧᓪᓗ +1 ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒃᑐᑦ. ᒫᑎᓐᒐᐃᓪᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᒫᑎᓐᒐᐃᓪᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᒪᕐᕉᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅ. ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᓂᖓ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᙱᓐᓂᖓᓗ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᒃᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᓂᐊᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᒡᒍᓰᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑐᐃᓐᓇᙱᒻᒪᑕ. ᒫᑎᓐᒐᐃᓪ ᐊᓪᓚᕐᓂᖓᓂᒡᓗ ᓴᓇᓂᐊᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖅᑕᐅᑎ · ᐊᔅᑲᕐ ᒍᕋᐃᓐᑦ
2,000 ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ, $1,000 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓗᓂ.
ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ $10 · ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᑭᒡᓕᖓ $500 · 100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᙱᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᓐᓂᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖃᙱᒻᒪᑦ. ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ ᑖᓚᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᖅ.
ᐃᓱᒪᒃᑯᑦ. ᐱᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᕕᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒡᒍᓯᖅ ᓄᖅᑲᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᕐᓂᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᔭᐅᔪᑦ. ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᔅᓯᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂᓗ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑎᔭᐅᔪᖅ.
ᑎᐊᔅᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᐋᓚᓐ ᐅᐃᐅᓴᓐᒧᑦ 1965-ᒥ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐊᓪᓚᕐᓂᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ, 2.70%-ᒥ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- RouletteDoc. Strategy description and examples.
- Roulette77. Strategy description and examples.
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.
- Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed.