ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ
ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ, ᑳᓯᓄ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᕐᓗ ᒥᑭᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ.
1976-ᒥᑦ 1981-ᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓵᓐᑕ ᑯᕉᔅᒥ (Santa Cruz) ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᓕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᕐᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᔪᓂᒃ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒡᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᑎᔨᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᓱᓕ ᒪᑐᐃᖓᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖏᑦ 44%-ᒥᒃ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᑦ 25%-ᒥᒃ ᐱᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᓱᕋᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐱᓪᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᓗᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 1981-ᒥ ᐆᑦᑐᕋᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᓂᐱᐊᓗᖕᒥᒃ ᓱᕋᒃᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐅᓄᙱᑦᑐᓂᒡᓗ ᑕᐅᓴᓐ ᑖᓚᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ.
ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅ ᐃᒥᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ, 1975
1975-ᐅᑉ ᐊᐅᔭᖓᓂ ᓄᐊᒪᓐ ᐸᑲᑦ (Norman Packard), ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎ, ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓂᒃ ᑕᖅᑭᓂᒃ ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅᒥ blackjack-ᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᓐᓈᖓ ᔮᒃ ᐹᐃᓪᔅ (Jack Biles) ᐃᓚᒋᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᔪᒐᙱᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᙱᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᑦ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᐃᒥᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐹᐃᓪᔅ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔪᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕈᒪᓪᓗᓂ, ᐸᑲᓪᓗ ᐃᖃᐅᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᑐᐊᑦ ᑐᐊᑉ (Edward Thorp) ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖓᓂ Beat the Dealer ᑐᑭᓯᓇᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᕉᓚᑦᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᒥᒃ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓂᐱᓕᐅᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑦ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᓇᖏᖅᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᓄᖅᑐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᓂ, ᓂᐱᓕᐅᕈᑎᓗ ᑮᓗᒃᑐᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᒃ ᐊᖅᓴᖅᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᖅᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᑉᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐃᕗᕆᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕙᓚᓐ, 18–21 mm.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᖃᖓᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᐸᑦ. ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᕐᒥ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᐊᕆᔭᐅᒐᒥᒃ, ᑮᓗᒃᑐᕐᓃᑦ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓕᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐳᐊᓘᑉ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ. ᐸᑲᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖃᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᑐᐃᓐ ᕚᒪ (Doyne Farmer), ᑐᓂᓯᑦᑎᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎ University of California, Santa Cruz-ᒥ, ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔾᔪᑎᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᓈᓴᐃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ: ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᖁᓕᐅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᑭᓐᒧᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᒃ, ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᓇᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᐅᓄᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᖕᒥ
1976-ᐅᑉ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᖓᓂ ᕚᒪ ᑕᓐ ᐳᕌᐅᓐᓗ (Dan Browne) $1,500-ᒥᒃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᑳᓯᓄ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᕇᓄᒥ (Reno), ᐅᖃᖅᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᖃᑎᒌᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐅᓄᖅᑐᓂ ᑕᖅᑭᓂ ᐅᓐᓄᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᒃ, ᓈᓴᐃᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ infrared ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᐅᑏᑦ, ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᖓ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓕᐅᕈᑎ ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᒃᑯᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕈᑎᓗ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓴᕕᒥᒃ ᐊᐳᕈᑎᓂᖓᑕ ᓂᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᓗᒋᑦ. ᓇᓂᓯᓯᒪᔭᖏᒃ ᓱᓕ ᐱᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓇᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᓯᓚ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓕᖅᑎᑦᑎᓗᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ, ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂᑦ ᐅᓄᖅᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᓂ. ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᖁᓕᐅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓐᓯᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᓇᒥ ᐊᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᖃᐃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᓗ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᔪᒥ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᖁᓛᓂ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕙᒃᑐᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᓇᓱᒃᓂᖅ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᑦ: Teflon ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᒪᕐᕉᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓕᐅᔪᐊᖅᑐᖅ billiard ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᐊᓂᑦ. ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᖃᐃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒐᒥ ᓱᓕ ᓄᔅᓰᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᐅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᓗᒍ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓄᔅᓰᓂᖅ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᑐᙵᕕᒋᔭᖓ ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑎᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᓇᓱᒃᓂᖅ ᐲᖅᓯᓗᓂ ᐊᖏᓂᖃᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐊᐅᔭᐅᑉ ᐃᓱᐊᓂ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ 44%-ᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᒃ, ᑐᐊᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒥᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᖓ.
ᑎᒥᐅᔪᖅ ᐸᐃᓗ
ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖅ Eudaemonic Enterprises-ᒥᒃ ᑎᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ, ᒍᕇᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓᓂᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒡᕕᖓᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᓕᒃ. ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᒃᓴᒥ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᖏᑦ ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒋᑦ: ᐃᓚᖓ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᔪᒥᑦ Eudaemonic Pie-ᒥᑦ. ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᓐᓈᑐᒌᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᒥᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᓐᓂᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᐅᓂᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ.
ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᑐᕕᐅᑉ ᐊᑖᓂ, 1976–1978
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎ ᐱᓕᔪᖅ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᑎᕆᐊᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᕐᒥᑦ, ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 1976-ᒥ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ $250-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᒃ, 6502 ᐱᓕᕆᐅᑎᓕᒃ, Apple-ᐅᑉ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᖓᑦᑎᐊᖅ. ᕚᒪ, ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᕐᓗᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᓕᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᐅᕈᑎᖏᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ. ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑎᒥᒧᑦ ᐱᑕᑦᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑐᕕᐅᑉ ᐊᑖᓂ, ᐊᕐᓇᓄᓪᓗ ᐅᐊᒃᑯᑎᒥ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓯᒐᑉ ᐃᓂᖓ ᐊᖏᓛᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᓗᒋᒃ ᑮᓗᒃᑐᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉᒥᒃᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᓯᕉᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᔾᔪᐊᕌᔭᒃ ᐃᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᑕᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᙱᑕᖓ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓪᓗᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 0.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᖅᓴᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᓂᒍᐃᑉᐸᑕ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᐊᓯᖓ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᔪᖅ. ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒧᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᓂᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓂᒃ ᖁᓕᓂᒃ ᒥᓂᑦᓂᒃ ᓂᐱᖃᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑮᓗᒃᑐᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ, ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᑕᒫᖅ ᐅᓄᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᓯᑭᓐᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ, ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᑦᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓂᑦ ᓴᓂᓕᐅᑎᒌᒃᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᑎᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ “ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖁᔨᙱᑦᑐᖅ”, ᒥᑭᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᓗᕆᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒥᒧᑦ ᐊᓗᓯᖅᑎᑦᓯᓪᓗᓂ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᐊᐱᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᖅᓴᒥ, ᓇᓪᓕᓂᐊᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᓈᓚᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᐊᔾᔨᒥᒃ ᐊᓗᓯᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᓛᓐᓂ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᓗᓂ, ᓴᓇᐅᓯᖓ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᓂᖅᓴᐅᙱᓐᓂᐊᖁᓪᓗᒍ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖅ, ᓫᐃᒃ ᑖᕼᐆᒧᑦ (Lake Tahoe) ᕇᓄᒧᓪᓗ ᑎᓯᐱᕆ 1977-ᒥ, ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᑯᓂ ᓱᕋᒃᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓯᑦ ᐅᓄᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ, Golden Gate-ᒥ ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅ ᖃᑉᐱᐊᓂ, ᕚᒪ ᑭᓯᒪᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂᒃ ᓇᑉᐸᓕᐊᓗ, ᖁᓕᑦ ᓴᓐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᓯᑉᒧᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᓯᑉᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎ ᐊᑭᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ: ᓯᐊᒃ (check).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →. ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᒥᑭᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐅᓄᖅᑐᑦ ᕼᐊᓐᑐᕆᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐳᕌᐅᓐᓗ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᓈᓴᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᒃ, ᖃᐃᑦᑐᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ, 25%-ᒥᒃ.
1978-ᐅᑉ ᐊᐅᔭᖓ
ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᐊᐅᔭᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓯᓐᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᓂ ᓴᓇᕕᖃᑎᒌᒃᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᖃᑉᐱᐊᓂ the Strip-ᒥᓗ, ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓪᓗᑕᒫᑦ, ᑳᓯᓄᒥᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᒥ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᑳᓯᓄᑕᒫᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ: ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖏᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓴᖑᑎᒋᓂᖏᓪᓗ, ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖏᑦ, ᓴᓇᕕᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᐃᕙᒃᑐᑦ. ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖏᑦ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐅᓐᓄᐊᓪᓗᐊᕐᒥᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᖅ, ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐅᑉ ᐱᔪᒪᔭᖓ: ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᕐᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᔪᖅ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ. ᐅᓐᓄᐊᑦ ᐱᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. Circus Circus-ᒥ ᑯᕉᐱᐊᐃᓄᐃᑦᑯᕉᐱᐊᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᒥ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᖅ ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓂ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂ, ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᐅᓄᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᕼᐊᓐᑐᕆᑦ ᑖᓚᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, 25 ᓴᓐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᓯᑉᒧᑦ. ᓱᕋᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᓄᖃᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ: ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᐃᑦ ᐱᑕᑦᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᑦ, ᓈᓚᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᑎᑦᑎᓃᑦ ᐆᓇᖅᑎᒋᓂᖓ ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒍ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᐃᕙᒃᑐᑦ, ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᓐᑎᓇᐅᑉ ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ. ᐅᓐᓄᐊᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᓗᕆᐅᑏᑦ ᓄᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᐃᑦ ᐆᓇᓗᐊᓕᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᖕᕆᑦ ᕼᐆᒪᓐ (Ingrid Hoermann) ᐱᙳᐊᖏᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑭᓪᓕᖅᓯᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᓗᓂ, ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ ᖃᐃᕈᒪᙱᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ. ᑳᓯᓄᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ, ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ; ᐃᓛᓐᓂ ᑯᕉᐱᐊ, ᓯᑉᐳᑦ ᐅᓄᖅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓂᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᑎᒍᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᓴᖑᑦᑎᓪᓗᒍᓗ.
ᖁᓕᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓪᓗ ᑕᖅᑭᓂ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓂᒃ ᓃᕙᑕᒧᑦ (Nevada) ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐹᓂᒃ ᖁᓕᑦ ᓴᓐᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᖁᓕᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓪᓗ ᓴᓐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᓄᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᓴᓐ ᑖᓚᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ California Club-ᒥ ᑎᓯᐱᕆ 1978-ᒥ $1,000 ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᐱᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᖓᓱᓂ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂ, ᐃᓱᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐱᑦᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ.
ᐸᑲᑦ ᐹᐃᓪᔅᓗ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖏᑦ ᓂᐱᓕᐅᕈᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᔪᒃ ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅᒥ.
ᑳᓯᓄ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓ ᕇᓄᒥ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ; ᐊᐅᔭᖅ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ; ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᑲᑎᑎᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖅ, ᓫᐃᒃ ᑖᕼᐆ ᕇᓄᓗ. ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᓱᕋᒃᑐᑦ.
Golden Gate, ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅ: ᓯᑕᒪᑦ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᓕᐊᓗ ᖁᓕᑦ ᓴᓐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ, ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ 25%-ᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ.
ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓰᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅᒥ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᑎᒥᒥ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ.
California Club: $1,000 ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓂ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂ.
ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᓄᑖᙳᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᓗᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒍ.
ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅ: ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᐱᐊᓗᒃ ᓈᓚᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐲᖅᓯᔪᖅ. ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖅ ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑐᖅ.
ᓃᕙᑕ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᓇᓱᒃᑐᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖁᔨᙱᓕᖅᑕᖏᑦ. The Eudaemonic Pie ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᔪᖅ.
ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᐱᓗᒃᑯᑦ, 1980–1981
ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᐃᑦ ᑎᒥᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐲᖅᓯᓇᓱᒃᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᐱᓗᒃᑯᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓂᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ. ᒫᒃ ᑐᕉᐃᑦ (Mark Truitt), ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᑖᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᓕᒃ, ᓴᐳᔾᔨᔨᓄᑦ radar ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᖅ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓂᕐᒥᓂ ᓄᐃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥᒃ ᓇᑉᐸᓕᐊᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ. ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑎ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᐊᓗᖕᒥ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᒥᑦ ᐱᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ: ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᓇᓱᒃᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᖃᑯᖅᑎᒃᐸᑦ, ᐅᓄᙱᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᒪᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ. ᑐᕉᐃᑦ ᓯᑉᐳᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓄᑦ ᐱᓯᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᓯᐊᑕ ᖁᓛᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓗ ᖃᑦᑕᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᓴᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᑕᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓂᒃ ᐃᓐᓯᓂᒃ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒡᓗ ᐃᓐᓯᐅᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᓕᐊᓂᒃ ᓄᒪᑦᑐᖅ, ᐱᓱᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᐅᑏᑦ, ᐊᓐᑎᓇ, ᒪᕐᕉᓪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓗᕆᐅᑎᓐᓂᑦ ᐳᐃᓗᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐊᓗᕆᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᓕᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓂᒃ ᐱᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ: ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ “ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖁᔨᙱᑦᑐᖅ”-ᓗ. ᐱᓗᒃᑯᓕᐅᖅᑎ ᐊᒥᐊᓂᒃ ᐱᓗᒃᑯᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐃᑦᑎᐅᖅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᙱᓪᓗᓂᓗ.
ᓄᕕᐱᕆ 1981-ᒥ ᕚᒪ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᓗ ᑕᒻᒪᔅ ᐹᔅ (Thomas Bass) ᐱᓗᒃᑯᓂᒃ $2,500-ᓂᒡᓗ ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᓇᓱᒃᓂᖅ ᓱᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᓗᕆᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓐᓄᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᑳᓯᓅᑦ ᐊᓐᑕᒍᓴᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᐱᐊᓗᖕᒥᒃ ᑕᑕᑦᑐᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕈᑎᓂᑦ, neon ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᓂᑦ slot ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂᓪᓗ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐱᓗᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᓇᓪᓕᓂᐊᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᓈᓚᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐲᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ; ᑕᓚᕖᓴᓐ ᓯᓂᒃᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᓯᑕᒪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᓂᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᓇᓱᒃᑐᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᔪᓐᓇᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ, ᐱᓕᕆᐊᓗ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᓄᖅᑲᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓗᓕᐅᕐᓄᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᐅᑉ ᐊᑖᓂ ᓵᓐᑕ ᑯᕉᔅᒥ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ.
44% ᑐᑭᖓ
ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 35:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᔪᒐᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ 38-ᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᑭᓕᖅᐸᒃᑐᓗ 35, 1-ᒧᑦ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᒧᑦ 5.26%-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᒃ. 44% ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ 25-ᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᓂ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᐸᑦ: 36 ᓯᑉᐳᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ 25-ᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑦᑐᐊᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᖃᑦᑕᖅᑎᑦᑎᑦᑐᐊᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐊᖅ ᓇᑉᐸᓕᐊᓗᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᖅᑎᑦᑎᔭᖓᓂᑦ.
ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᓱᓕ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᔪᖅ
ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ 35, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᒥ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᒥᒡᓗ. ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᓯᔨᖏᑕ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᐃᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ $100-ᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᑕᒫᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᑐᖅ $10,000-ᒥᒃ $20,000-ᒥᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ, ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᓗ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒋᔭᖓ: 44% ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᓱᓕ ᑭᖑᕙᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᓯᑕᒪᓂ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᑦ ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ ᖁᓕᑦ ᓴᓐᑦᒥᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᖏᓪᓗᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᔭᐅᔪᑦ. ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᔅᓯᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂᓗ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᖏᒡᓕᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐋᓚᓐ ᓗᐃᔅ (Alan Lewis), 1978-ᒥ ᐃᓚᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ, ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ. ᕚᒪ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐃᑦᑐᐊᓗᐊᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᒥᑭᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᖅ ᐱᑦᑎᐊᙱᓪᓗᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐊᑭᖓ ᐱᑕᖓᓗ
ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᑦ $15,000 ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓄᑦ ᑐᕉᐃᓪᓗ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᖓ ᕚᒪᒥᑦ ᓖᑎ ᐱᓕᓐᒥᓪᓗ (Letty Belin), ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᔨ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐅᐃᓕᐅᖅᑕᖓ. ᕚᒪ 3,500 ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑐᕉᐃᑦ 3,000, ᐸᑲᓪᓗ 2,000. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑭᐊᓂ ᐅᓄᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᐅᓴᓐ ᑖᓚᑦ ᒥᑭᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. 1983-ᒥ ᕚᒪ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑐᓴᒐᒃᓴᐅᑎᒥ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓪᓗᓂ ᑳᓯᓄᒥ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖃᕐᓂᖓ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ 20-ᒥᑦ 40%-ᒧᑦ. ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐱᓕᓐ ᓃᕙᑕ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᕐᓂᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᓇᓱᒃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᖁᔨᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ; ᒪᐃ 1985-ᒥ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓂᖅ ᐱᓗᐊᕈᓯᕆᔭᐅᓕᖅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ. ᓄᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᕚᒪ, ᐸᑲᑦ ᐃᓚᓐᓈᖏᓪᓗ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ chaos-ᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᑕᐃᑲᓂᓗ ᑐᓴᖅᑕᐅᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ.
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ
ᑕᒻᒪᔅ ᐹᔅ, ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕐᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᑎ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ The Eudaemonic Pie-ᒥ (1985), ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑯᓂ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐅᕙᓂ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᕐᒥ ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ. ᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖓᓂᒃ ᓇᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓ ᑐᙵᓇᓂᖅᓴᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓᓂᑦ. ᔮᒡᒐᐅᑉ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓱᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ 1901-ᒥ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᓪᓗ ᑎᑭᙱᑦᑐᖅ (ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᔪᓯᕝ ᔮᒡᒐ), ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᐊᑉ ᓴᓄᓐᓗ (Shannon) ᑳᓯᓄᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖏᒃ 1962-ᒥ ᐃᓕᖅᑐᖅ, ᑐᐊᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ 1961-ᐅᑉ ᐊᐅᔭᖓᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐋᒃᑲ. ᐅᓄᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᑕᐅᓴᓐ ᑖᓚᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᓕᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᖁᓕᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓪᓗ ᓴᓐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ, ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒍᓪᓗ $15,000-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓚᐅᖅᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᓄᖅᑐᓂᒡᓗ ᑕᐅᓴᓐ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂᒃ.
ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓃᕙᑕ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᓇᓱᒃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᖁᔨᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ. 1985-ᒥᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑳᓯᓄᓕᐅᑦ ᓄᓇᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᖏᑦ ᒫᓐᓇ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᖅᑐᑦ.
ᐋᒃᑲ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᒥᓯᒃᑎᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᕙᒃᐸᑦ, ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᕕᓐᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖅᓯᓂᖅ ᐱᓗᐊᕈᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᖏᓐᓂ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᕝᕕᓐᓂ.
ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᐆᒃᑐᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ; ᐅᐸᒍᓐᓇᕈᕕᑦ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᓗᒍ.
ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ (Eudaemons) ᐃᓱᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖏᑦ 44%-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᓐᓂᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒥᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 35:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂ, ᑕᐅᕙᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ 35, 1-ᒧᑦ. ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᓂ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑕᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓱᓕᖁᓪᓗᒍ? ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᒃ 38 ᐃᓂᓐᓂᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐲᖅᓯᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸ, ᐊᖅᓴᖅᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᖅᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᑉᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐃᕗᕆᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕙᓚᓐ, 18–21 mm.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓕᒃ ᑐᓚᒃᐸᑦ?
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ 25 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ 13 ᐃᓂᓐᓂᒃ ᐲᖅᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ 25-ᓂᒡᓗ ᐊᓯᐅᖅᑕᐃᓕᓂᕐᒥᒃ.
ᓯᑉᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᓯᑉᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎ ᐊᑭᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ: ᓯᐊᒃ (check).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ 35-ᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᓕᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑐᖅ: 36 ᓯᑉᐳᑦ. ᓈᓴᐅᑎ n ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᐸᑦ, n ᓯᑉᐳᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ 36-ᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 36/n − 1-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᒃ.
ᑕᒪᓐᓇ 0.44-ᒧᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᓗᒍ: 36/n = 1.44, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ n = 25. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖃᙱᑉᐸᑦ n 38-ᖑᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓗ 36/38 − 1 = −5.26%-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᒃ.
ᒫᓐᓇ ᐃᓱᒪᓗᒍ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ k ᐃᓂᓐᓂᒃ ᐲᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᐊᖅᓴᕐᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ 38 − k ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓕᒃ ᑐᓚᒃᑐᖅ. ᓯᑉ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ 38 − k ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ. 44%-ᒧᑦ 38 − k = 25 ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ k = 13: ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐱᖓᓱᓄᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᑐᐊᖅ.
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᒥ ᕗᐊᒪ (Farmer) ᐅᖃᓚᐅᕐᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ 40% ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓂᒃ ᐃᓂᓐᓂᒃ ᐲᖅᓯᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐱᕝᕕᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᑕᒪᑐᒪᓂ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᐊᒥ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ 36/30 − 1 = 20%-ᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᔪᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓚᐅᖅᓴᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᖅ: ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᖅᑕᐃᓕᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓗᐊᖅᑐᑦ.
ᐃᓂᑦ ᐲᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᖅᑕᐃᓕᔪᑦᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑭᓕᒃ038−5.26%2360%830+20%1325+44%1919+89%ᐃᓱᒪᓗᒍ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᑎᑦ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃ 25 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ 35, 1-ᒧᑦ, 44% ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ. ᓯᑉ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᕙᒃᑕᑎᑦ. 100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓯᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᖅᐱᑦ? 500 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ?
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓ 23% 100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᓱᓕᓪᓗ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓ 6% 500 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ 100 ᓯᑉᐳᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᓯᒪᔪᑎᑦ, ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓇ 36-ᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓃᒃ 72-ᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᒃ, ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ 28; ᐱᖓᓱᑦ 108-ᓂᒃ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᕐᓂᖅ 8. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓯᒪᔪᑎᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᓂ ᐊᔪᒐᕈᕕᑦ.
100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᓐᓂ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖃᙱᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ (24/25)¹⁰⁰ = 1.7%. ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃ: 100 × (1/25) × (24/25)⁹⁹ = 7.0%. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃ: 4,950 × (1/25)² × (24/25)⁹⁸ = 14.5%. ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ 23.2%.
500 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐊᓂᒍᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ 14 ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓃᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᑦ (14 × 36 = 504), ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ 20. 13 ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᓄᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓ 6.2%.
ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᔪᒋᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᓯᐊ ᓴᖓᓂᖓ. ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᖅ, 100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑐᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᐃᓂᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓪᓚᕆᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᔪᓕᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᓯᖁᒥᓯᒪᔪᒥᓪᓗ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ ᐊᒥᓱᓂ ᐱᕕᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓂᖃᕐᕕᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ.
ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦᐊᔪᒐᕐᓃᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓯᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ50240.1%100323.2%200618.6%500146.2%ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ 44% ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᓕᒃ, $100 50-ᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ $2,200-ᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒥ ᐱᔪᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᒍ. ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓗᒍ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᐸ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ: ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᑕᐃᒻ (dime) ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ.
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ $2,200 ᓱᓕᔪᖅ $100-ᒧᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥ. ᑕᐃᒻᒥ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥ $2.20 ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒥ.
ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᖓ. $100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥ 50-ᓪᓗ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒥ, $5,000 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ, ᑕᒪᑐᒪᓗ 44%-ᖓ $2,200.
10 ᓰᓐᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥ, $5 ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ, $5-ᐅᓪᓗ 44%-ᖓ $2.20. ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒻᒥ ᑕᒪᒃᑭᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓗᑎᒃ, $8.80 ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒥ ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ.
ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᒥᑭᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᔭᐅᔪᑦ. ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᔅᓯᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂᓗ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓴᓇᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᐱᑕᖃᙱᑦᑐᒥᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ, ᖁᓛᓂ ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᓂᖓᑐᑦ, 44% ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ 35, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᑦ. ᑕᒪᑐᒪ ᖃᐅᒪᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᖓ: ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖅ ᐱᐅᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓯᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᑦᓴᓂᑦ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. Neon ᐊᔪᒐᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. “The invention of the first wearable computer.”
- Nevada Revised Statutes, chapter 465.