ᕉᓚᑦ: ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᑦ
ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᒻᒪᖔᑦ, ᑭᓇᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᒻᒪᖔᑕ, ᖃᓄᖅ ᓱᓕᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ.
ᕉᓚᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖓ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᓪᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖏᓐᓂ ᓯᑭᓐᓂ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ ᓇᒧᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐃᒡᓗᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ. ᐃᑦᕗᑦ ᑐᐊᑉ (Edward Thorp) ᑭᓘᑦ ᓴᓇᓐᓗ (Claude Shannon) ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ 1961-ᒥ, ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅᓗ (Eudaemons) ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ 1976-ᒥᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᖅ: ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᑐᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓂᕙᑕᒥᓗ (Nevada) ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ 1985-ᒥᑦ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᕉᓚᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖓ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᖔᑦ
ᐃᑦᕗᑦ ᑐᐊᑉ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᐱᕐᖓᒥ 1955-ᒥ, ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᖁᑦᑎᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ UCLA-ᒥ: ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᓴᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅᑕᐅᓗᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓇᓂ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᖅᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᑉᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐃᕗᕆᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕙᓚᓐ, 18–21 mm.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑲᐃᕙᑦᑎᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᓪᓗᕆᐊᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᒍᑦ. ᐊᑦᔨᓕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑭᑭᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᕙᒃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓕᐅᕈᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᓂ, ᓇᓂᓯᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᓗᐊᕐᒪᑦ, ᓂᕙᑕᒧᓪᓗ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖓ ᑎᓯᐱᕆ 1958-ᒥ ᑕᑯᑎᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ. ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐸᓛᒃᔮᒃ (blackjack) ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕆᓕᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ. ᓄᕕᐱᕆ 1960-ᒥ, MIT-ᒥ, ᑭᓘᑦ ᓴᓇᓐ ᐱᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᑳᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ National Academy of Sciences-ᒧᑦ; ᑲᑎᒪᓂᖅ ᐃᓱᓕᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓴᓇᓐ ᐊᐱᕆᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓱᓇᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ, ᕉᓚᑦᒥᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖅ ᓴᓇᓐ ᓇᑎᖓᑕ ᐊᑖᓄᑦ ᓅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᓂᐅᕕᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᕇᓄᒥᑦ (Reno) $1,500-ᒧᑦ, ᐃᓕᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᑐᖃᒥ ᐅᔭᕋᖕᒥᒃ ᐱᓕᐊᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ, ᐊᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓ ᓈᓴᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᖅᑭᓯᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᑕᖅᑭᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓕᐅᕈᑎᒥᒡᓗ ᓯᑭᓐ ᕼᐊᓐᑐᕆᑎᒋᓕᖓᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᔪᒥᒃ. ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓴᐃᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓱᓕᙱᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ 0.03-ᒥᑦ 0.01-ᒧᑦ ᓯᑭᓐᓄᑦ. ᔫᓂ 1961-ᒧᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖅ ᖁᓕᓂᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒡᓗ ᑐᕌᓐᓯᔅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᖏᓂᖓ ᓯᒐᓕᑦ ᐳᓴᖓᑎᑐᑦ: ᐱᓗᐊᒥ ᓇᕿᑦᑕᐅᑎ, ᐃᓯᒐᐅᑉ ᐊᖏᔪᖓᓄᑦ ᓇᕿᑦᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᑉᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᓕᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᔪᖅ, ᓂᐱᓪᓗ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᑦᑎᐊᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓂᑦ ᓴᓂᓕᐅᑎᒌᒃᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅᒥ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪ ᐊᐅᔭᖓᓂ ᓴᓇᓐ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓂᒡᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓗᓂ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑐᑦ, ᑐᐊᑉ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᒥᑭᔪᓂᒃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓱᐊᓂ. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓃᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓄᔭᑎᑐᑦ ᐱᑦᑕᓄᐃᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᐊᔭᐃᑦ ᓯᐅᑎᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᓱᕋᒃᐸᓪᓕᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐊᕐᓗ ᐊᕐᓇᖅ ᑐᐊᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᐃᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᑲᒪᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓂᐱᓕᐅᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᓯᐅᑖᓂᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ. ᖃᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᑦᑎᐊᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᒃ. ᑐᐊᑉ ᕉᓚᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 1966-ᒥ, ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᖏᓪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᒋᑦ 1979-ᒥ 1984-ᒥᓗ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐃᑦ
ᑐᐊᑉ ᓴᓇᓐᓗ ᓴᓇᔭᖓ ᐅᐊᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᐊᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ: ᐅᐊᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᐅᔪᑦ, ᐊᑐᐊᒐᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᐸᑦ ᐅᐊᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑦ. ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑭᒡᓕᖅ ᐲᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ. ᐋᓚᓐ ᓗᐃᔅ (Alan Lewis), Caltech-ᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎ, ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔪᒥᒃ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒥᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᕕᒐᖓᓂ Circus Circus-ᒧᑦ ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 1972-ᒥ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᖁᓛᓂᑦ ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥᑦ ᓇᐅᑦᑎᕐᓱᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦ, ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓃᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᓘᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᑖᓃᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᑐᓂᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᐅᓚᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ; ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐊᓪᓗᒃᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐃᓕᓚᐅᙱᒻᒪᒍ. 1976-ᒥᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦ ᓴᓐᑕ ᑯᕉᔅᒥ (Santa Cruz), ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ, ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖅ ᐱᓕᕆᑦᑎᐊᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ. ᑳᓯᓄᑉ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᓈᓴᐃᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥᒃ, ᐊᓪᓗᒃᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓂᓪᓕᐅᑉᐸᓂᖓᓂᒡᓗ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᐅᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᔾᔪᑎᓕᖕᓂᒃ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᓯᒐᒥ ᓇᕿᑦᑕᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᓇᕿᑦᑕᖅᓗᓂ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ ᑐᐃᓐᑎ ᒥᓂᑦᑕᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᓐᓂ. ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖏᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᓚᐅᖅᓗᓂ ᐊᒥᓲᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓯᑭᓐᓂᒃ. ᓱᓕᔪᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᔮᓐᓄᐊᕆ 1978-ᒥ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 25%-ᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ; ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ, ᑎᒥᒧᑦ ᐱᑦᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᓪᓗ ᐱᓗᐊᕐᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᐅᓚᔪᓐᓃᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ (ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ).
ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ
ᑳᓯᓄ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑎᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓐᓇᖅᑕᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᓐᓃᖅᓗᓂᒋᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᒃᑲᓐᓂᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑐᐊᑉ ᓇᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᙱᒻᒪᑦ: ᕇᓄᒥ, ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅᒥ, ᓚᓐᑕᓐᒥ, ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒥ, ᓃᔅᒥ (Nice), ᕖᓂᔅᒥ (Venice) ᐳᐊᑐ ᕆᑯᒥᓗ (Puerto Rico) ᐱᐅᓯᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᖅ “ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑐᖅᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑐᖅᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓ (ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᕐᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ) ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᑐᔭᖓ. ᓯᑉᐳᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᓐᓃᖅᑐᑦ, ᓅᑦᑎᑕᐅᔪᓐᓃᖅᑐᑦ ᐲᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓃᖅᑐᓪᓗ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒡᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐃᒡᓗᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖅ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᙵᓂᑦ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ, ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅᒥᑦ ᕆᑦᔅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᓂᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓂ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕖᓐᓂ ᐊᒃᑲᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᓪᓕᒃᑯᑎᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᔾᔨᓂᕐᒧᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →. ᓂᕙᑕ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕈᑏᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐊᙱᑦᑐᖑᑎᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᒪᐃ 1985-ᒥ, ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᑐᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓚᐅᕐᒪᖔᑕ
ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐱᔭᐅᕙᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᓄᐊᒪᓐ ᓕ (Norman Leigh) ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᖏᑦ ᓃᔅᒥ 1966-ᒥ, ᑭᖑᓂᖅᓴᐃᓪᓗ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑎᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᑖᒥᒃ ᑯᕉᐱᐊᒥᒃᐃᓄᐃᑦᑯᕉᐱᐊᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ, ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᓂᒡᓘᓐᓃᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᑳᓯᓄᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓄᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᒥᒃ, ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒡᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᔪᒥᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓂᑦ ᐱᕝᕕᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᙱᑦᑐᓪᓗ (ᑯᓪᑦᒪᓐ (Goldman), 2007). ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐃᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᖅᑐᑦ: ᓇᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐃᓂᒧᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑐᕌᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ.
ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓱᓕᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ
ᑐᐊᑉ (1984) ᓈᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᑭᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᓱᓕᙱᓐᓂᖓ ᓇᑦᑎᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ: ᐱᐅᓯᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᒥ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓂ σ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓴᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐊᒍᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᒍᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᑭᒃᑯᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᓗ ᓴᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂ ᐃᓂᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ, ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᓯᑉᐳᖏᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓴᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂ, ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ σ-ᒥᒃ ᑭᒃᑯᓐᓇᖅ ᑐᙵᕕᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᐱᐅᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᖅ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 35:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑕᒪᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ. σ = 10 ᐃᓂᓂᒃ, ᑐᐊᑉ ᓴᓇᓐᓗ ᓱᓕᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ +44%-ᒥᒃ, ᑐᐊᑉ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᖓ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᖓᓄᑦ; 1998-ᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒋᓕᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᓂᖅᐹᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᔪᖅ. ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᒥᑭᓕᕐᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᓱᓕᙱᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᒡᓕᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐲᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ 17 ᐃᓂᓂ ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂ 16-ᓂᓗ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂ, ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑐᐊᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᓱᓕᙱᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖓ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᑭᒡᓕᖅ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᒻᒪᑦ: ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓱᓕᙱᓐᓃᑦ 1.4-ᓂᒃ 5.5-ᓂᒡᓗ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᑉ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᑦ, 7 ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᐅᑎᖓᓴᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑉᐱᕆᒐᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐊᑖᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ, ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᔭᖅᑎᑕᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᕿᔭᖅᐸᒃ, ᓯᑕᒪᐅᓕᐊᖅ, ᑭᑦᑐᖅᓯᐅᑎ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᖁᑎᖃᖅᓗᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᓐᓂᖓᓂᑦ, 6-ᓗ ᐃᓂᓂ ᓂᓪᓕᐅᑉᐸᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ 10.8.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐋᒃᑲ. ᐊᖅᓴᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ.
ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔪᐃᑦᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᑕᒪᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔭᐅᔪᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᐆᒃᑐᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ; ᐅᐸᒍᓐᓇᕈᕕᑦ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᓗᒍ.
ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᓄᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᓗ ᓴᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂ ᐃᓂᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ, ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᓯᑉᐳᖏᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᓯᑉᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᓯᑉᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎ ᐊᑭᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ: ᓯᐊᒃ (check).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᔪᖅ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᓗ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᓄᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᓪᓚᖓᓂᒃ: ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᓯᑉᐳᑦ. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓂ ᐃᓂᓐᓂ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᓂ ᑐᓚᒃᑕᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸ ᐊᔪᒐᙱᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᙱᓪᓗᓂᓗ, ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᓱᓕᑉᐸᑦ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᖃᖅᐸ?
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᐊᔪᒐᙱᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᙱᓪᓗᓂᓗ 36 ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ 5-ᒥ, 13.9%, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ 13.5% ᐊᑐᓂ. ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᓱᓕᑉᐸᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᒥᓂᑦ 44% ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ.
ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑐᓚᒃᐸᑦ, ᓯᑉ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ 35, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᓕᒃ, 36 ᓯᑉᐳᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᓯᑕᒪᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᔪᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᑐᓚᒃᑐᖅ 36-ᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ 5 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓗ ᐊᔪᒐᙱᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᙱᓪᓗᓂᓗ 36 ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ 5-ᒥ ᑐᓚᒃᐸᑦ, 13.9%. ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ 37 ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ 5-ᒥ ᑐᓚᒃᑐᖅ, 13.5%. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑯᕐᖓ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ, ᐳᓴᓐᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᑉ ᖃᑉᐱᐊᓐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᖅ, 2.70% ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓇ ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ.
ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᑐᓚᒃᐸᑦ, 0.2 × 36 = 7.2 ᓯᑉᐳᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑐᑦ 5 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᑦ, +44%. ᓯᑕᒪᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ, +80%.
ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᓱᓕᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᖅ, ᑳᓯᓄᐃᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᒧᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᒡᒐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓐᖏᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᖅ ᕗᐊᓴᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᐊᕐ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ: “ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ”.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓯᕗᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᒪᑐᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᑦ ᐱᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ: ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑯᕐᖓ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓇ. Ritz-ᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ 2004-ᒥ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᓕᕆᓯᒪᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ.
ᑐᐊᑉ (Thorp) ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒃ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᒻᒪᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᕐᒥᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᐃᓂᓐᓂ: 1.4 ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᓕᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᕕᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᕕᖓᓂ, 5.5 ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᖅᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᑉᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐃᕗᕆᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕙᓚᓐ, 18–21 mm.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᕕᖓᓂ, 7 ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᐅᑎᖏᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᐅᑎᖓᓴᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑉᐱᕆᒐᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐊᑖᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ, ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᔭᖅᑎᑕᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᕿᔭᖅᐸᒃ, ᓯᑕᒪᐅᓕᐊᖅ, ᑭᑦᑐᖅᓯᐅᑎ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᖄᖏᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᐅᑎᖓᓂ 6-ᓗ ᐃᓂᓐᓂ ᐊᒍᒃᑕᕐᓂᖓᓂ. ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᖏᑎᒋᕙ, ᐱᕕᖓᑕᓗ ᑕᒻᒪᕐᓃᒃ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᓯᕙᒃ?
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓ 10.8 ᐃᓂᑦ. ᐱᕕᖓᑕ ᑕᒻᒪᕐᓃᒃ ᐃᓚᐅᙱᑉᐸᑖ 9.2-ᖑᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐱᕕᖓᑕ ᑕᒻᒪᕐᓃᒃ 1.6-ᒥᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᓯᔪᒃ.
ᐃᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᒻᒪᕐᓃᑦ ᑐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᑦ; ᐊᒥᓲᓕᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ. ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᑕ ᐊᖏᓂᖓ ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓕᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒡᒐᖓ: 1.4² + 5.5² + 7² + 6² = 1.96 + 30.25 + 49 + 36 = 117.2, √117.2 ≈ 10.8-ᓗ.
ᐱᕕᖓᑕ ᑕᒻᒪᕐᓃᒃ ᐃᓚᐅᙱᑉᐸᑦ: √(49 + 36) = √85 ≈ 9.2.
10.8 ᐃᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ 17 ᐃᓂᑦ ᑭᒡᓕᖓᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᒫᓂ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᕐᒥ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᐊᓂ, ᐊᑭᓕᓐᓂᖃᖅᑐᑦᓗ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓ +34% ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒥ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ. ᑐᐊᑉ ᐃᓕᑦᑐᕆᔭᖓ: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᐅᑏᑦ ᖄᖏᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐳᓪᓚᐅᑎᖓ ᑕᒻᒪᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᓛᖑᓕᖅᐸᑦ, ᐱᕕᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅ ᐃᑲᔪᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᒃ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖅ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling.
- Thorp, E. O. “The invention of the first wearable computer.”
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams.
- Nevada Revised Statutes, chapter 465.