ᕉᓚᑦ: ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᕿᓂᕐᓂᖅ
ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᕿᓂᕐᓂᖅ: ᓱᓇ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐆᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᒻᒪᖔᑦ, ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓯᒪᒻᒪᖔᓪᓗ.
ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᕿᓂᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖏᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᐃᓯᒪᔪᑦ: ᓈᓴᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓂᖅ, ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒧᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪ (ᐊᒥᓲᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ) ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓂᖅ. ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ, ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᒥᒡᓗ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑦ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥᓗ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᑦ.
ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ
ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᐅᓴᓐᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᑦ, ᓇᓂᓯᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓂᓂᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓂᑦ ᓴᓂᓕᐅᑎᒌᒃᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃ ᑎᑭᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᓂᒃ 1/37-ᒥᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓄᖓ, ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᑳᓯᓄ ᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ. ᔫᓯᕝ ᔮᒡᒐ (Joseph Jagger) ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒥ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ 1880-ᒥ, ᕆᑦᓴᑦ ᔭᕆᑭᓗ (Richard Jarecki) ᓴᓐᕆᒧᒥ (Sanremo) 1960-ᖏᓐᓂ. ᒑᓯᐊ-ᐱᓚᔪ (García-Pelayo) ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᒪᑦᕆᑦ (Madrid) ᖃᓂᐊᓂ 1990-ᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᓂᖓᓂ, ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ 5,000 ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ, ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᓗᑎᒃ. ᑳᓯᓄ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖓ ᐲᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ, 2004-ᒥᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᕕᒃ ᖁᑦᑎᓛᖅ ᐊᖏᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔭᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᒪᓕᒐᖓᓂᒃ ᓱᕋᐃᓂᐅᙱᒻᒪᑦ. ᒫᓐᓇ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᔪᐃᑦᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᖁᓛᓂᒡᓗᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᖁᓛᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ: ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ: ᕿᔪᒻᒥᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓯᓈ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐊᑖᓂᒡᓗ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ.
ᔮᒡᒐ, ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗ. ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᖅ. ᑮᓇᐅᔭᐃᑦᑐᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ; ᑳᓯᓄ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓅᑦᑎᕆᔪᖅ, ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᓗᓂ.
ᑐᐊᑉ ᓴᓇᓐᓗ (Shannon) ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᓕᐅᖅᑐᒃ ᐊᓄᕌᖑᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᓪᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒥᒃ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ; ᑳᓯᓄᒥ ᐅᐊᔭᐃᑦ ᓱᕋᒃᐸᒃᑐᑦ.
ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ (Eudaemons). ᐃᔪᖅᑲᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐃᑦ ᓂᕙᑕᒥ (Nevada), ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᐅᓪᓗᖏᑦ ᐊᑖᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᕐᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᓱᓕᔪᖅ, ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᙱᑦᑐᑦ, ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᔪᖅ ᐃᓱᓕᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ.
ᒑᓯᐊ-ᐱᓚᔪ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ. ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᖅ, ᒪᑦᕆᑦ ᖃᓂᐊᓂ. ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᑦ, ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ; ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᐲᖅᓯᕗᑦ 2004-ᒥ.
ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᕆᑦᔅ (Ritz) ᑳᓯᓄᒥ, ᓚᓐᑕᓐ, £1.3 ᒥᓕᐊᓐ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓂ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᓗᑎᒃ ᑭᖑᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐅᖅᑏᑦ ᓚᐃᓴᒧᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᑎᑕᐅᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ; ᐱᓗᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᕐᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒡᓗ ᐱᑎᑕᐅᓂᖃᖅᑐᑦ.
ᓯᒧᓪ ᓯᓗ (Small, Tse) ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᓯᔪᒃ: ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖅ ᐊᒥᓲᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐳᓴᓐᑎᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᒻᒥ, ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓪᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᓗᑎᒃ.
ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᒪᑐᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᕐᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᓂ. ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑦ ᓈᓴᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᒃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ.
ᔪᓯᕝ ᔮᒡᒐ: ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒥ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᕆᑦᓴᑦ ᔭᕆᑦᔅᑭ: ᕉᓚᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᒎᓴᓗ ᒑᓯᐊ-ᐱᓚᔪ: ᕉᓚᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ
ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕈᑏᑦ
ᑐᐊᑉ ᓴᓇᓐᓗ 1961-ᒥ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᖓᓂᑦ, ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ ᐃᔪᖅᑲᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖏᓐᓄᑦ, 2000-ᖏᓐᓂ ᐅᖃᓘᑏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕈᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒃᓯᔪᓄᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐊᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᖅ: ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᖅᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᑉᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐃᕗᕆᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕙᓚᓐ, 18–21 mm.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᓪᓗᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᓕᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᓈᓴᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᒡᓗᕝᕕᖓ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓗᒍ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓃᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᙱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐳᓴᓐᑎᓂᑦ ᖁᓖᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᙱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐳᓴᓐᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᒃᓴᐃᑦ: ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᙱᓐᓂᖏᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᒪᓕᒐᐃᓪᓗ: ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑎᑦᓯᕙᒃᑐᑦ, ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᖏᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᕐᓂᐅᑎᑦᓯᕙᒃᑐᑦ, ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᑐᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᕆᓕᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ.
ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖏᑦ
ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐊᖅ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐱᓂᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᑦᑐᐊᓘᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᕝᕕᖓᑕ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᐱᑕᐅᕝᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᓈᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓗᒍ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᓴᐳᔾᔨᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᑦᑎᖁᔭᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᐅᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ. ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᑕᒡᓚᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᓯᐊᒍᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ: 19-ᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᑕᑎᒐᖏᓐᓂ ᑕᒡᓚᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᑎᖏᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᑎᖓᓴᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᑎ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓂᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐊᓗᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᑦᑎᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᑯᕉᐱᐊᐃᓄᐃᑦᑯᕉᐱᐊᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑕᑯᔪᖅ ᑕᕐᕋᖓ ᓇᓕᐊ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖃᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᐱᐅᒋᓂᖅᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᑦᑎᕝᕕᖓᒍᑦ.
ᓱᓇ ᐱᑕᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᐸ
ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᒻᒥ ᑳᓯᓄᒥ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᕕᒻᒥ, ᓱᓇᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᑦᑎᕝᕕᖓᓂᑦ. ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕈᑏᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᖃᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᐊᑐᓐᓇᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ; ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᖓ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᓱᒻᒪᑦ. ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᐊᑲᐅᙱᓕᐅᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᓇᓂᓯᔭᐅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᒃ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᕐᒥᒡᓗᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᒃ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖅᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᕐᒥ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᖅᑐᓂ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓂ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ, ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᖁᔨᓇᓱᙱᓪᓗᓂ.
ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᖏᑦ
ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᒃ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ; ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᑭᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᒥᒃ ᐃᓯᖁᔨᙱᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒋᔭᖓ. ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕈᑏᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐊᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᓂᕙᑕᒥ, ᑐᓗᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ, ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑕ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᖏᓐᓂ ᐋᔅᑐᕇᓕᐊᒥᓗ, ᐱᓗᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᒃᓴᖃᖅᓗᑎᒃ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᒃ ᐊᑐᓐᓇᙱᓪᓗᓂᓗ. 2004-ᒥ ᕆᑦᔅ ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑎ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖑᔪᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᖅ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ; ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᑎᑕᐅᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᓪᓗ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ (Gambling Act) 2005 ᑕᒡᓚᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓗᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᑐᖃᖅ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐃᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐆᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᕉᓚᑦᒥᒃ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕐᕕᒃ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᐸ
ᐊᓯᐊ ᐃᓕᐅᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᖅᑎ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓐᓃᖅᑎᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᓇᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖃᕐᒪᑦ, ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᔪᖅᑲᖅᑐᒥᒃ, 2.70%-ᒥᒡᓗ ᐊᑭᓕᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᕿᓂᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᖅᑎ ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᓇᐅᓐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᕙᒻᒪᖔᑦ, ᓱᒻᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᙱᒻᒪᑦ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓗᒍ ᐄ. ᐊᑐᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᐊᕐᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖓ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᐃᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᒥᓲᙱᑦᑐᓂ. ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᓯᓯᒪᔪᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling.
- Thorp, E. O. “The invention of the first wearable computer.”
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams.