ᕉᓚᑦ: ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐅᐱᒪᓗᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓪᓗ
ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓕᒃ 17, ᐱᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓕᒃ 13, ᓯᑉᐳᓂᒃ ᓴᐳᓗᒃᑐᐃᓂᖅ, “ᓯᕉ” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᖃᑦᑕᙱᓐᓂᖅ, ᓲᖃᐃᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐅᐱᒪᓗᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᓛᒥᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᐃᓐᓇᕐᒪᑕ.
ᕉᓚᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᕼᐊᓐᑐᕆᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᓂ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓯᒪᔪᖅ: ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᖁᔭᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ, ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓖᑦ ᐃᒃᓯᕙᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᓪᓗ, ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᐅᔪᓪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓂᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᔪᑎᑐᑦ. ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᙱᑦᑐᖅ; ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖁᐊᖅᓵᕐᓇᖅᑐᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᓪᓗ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᐅᑉ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᒪᓕᒃᓯᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᕈᓐᓇᖅᓗᑎᒃ.
ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓖᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ
ᓴᕙᓐᑏᓐ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᓂᖅᐹᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓂ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᓐᓂ: ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᐅᑉᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᐅᓗᐱᓕᒐᖅ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᒃᓴᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᕿᑎᖓᓃᑦᑐᖅ, ᓲᓐ ᑳᓂᕆ (Sean Connery) ᓈᓴᐅᑎᖓᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 1963-ᒥ ᓴᓐ-ᕖᓴᓐ (Saint-Vincent)-ᒥ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᒥ (ᐱᖓᓱᐃᖅᓱᓂ ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑐᒥᒃ 35:1-ᒥ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ), ᕗᐊᓴᓐᓗ ᕿᑎᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᖅ. ᑕᕐᑏᓐ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᒥ ᓄᓇᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᑕᓕᐅᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᕿᓂᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓯᐊᓇᒥᐅᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ 4-ᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐃᓅᓪᓗᐊᑦᑕᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᓗ 1–31 32–36-ᒥᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ. ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐱᐅᓛᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᙱᑦᑐᑦ: ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓖᑦ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᓗ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᓐᓄᑦ 35:1 ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᐃᑦ
ᓯᑉᐳᓂᒃᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᓯᑉᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎ ᐊᑭᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ: ᓯᐊᒃ (check).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓴᐳᓗᒃᑐᐃᓂᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓯᓚᐅᖅᓗᓂ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖅ, ᓯᑉᐳᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᔪᒧᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᓯᓂᖅ, ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᖅᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᑉᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐃᕗᕆᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕙᓚᓐ, 18–21 mm.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑕᑯᓐᓇᙱᓐᓂᖅ, ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᖃᙱᓐᓂᖅ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ “ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᙱᓚᖓ ᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᖅᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 18 ᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ. ᕖᓇᓯᑐᑦ: ᕈᔾ (rouge).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →” ᐅᖃᕐᓂᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᕙᒃᐳᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᓗᑎᒃ: ᐃᓚᖏᑦ “ᓯᕉᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᓯᕉᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᔾᔪᐊᕌᔭᒃ ᐃᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᑕᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᙱᑕᖓ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓪᓗᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 0.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →” ᓂᐱᓕᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᖃᑦᑕᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖅ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᓯᒐᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᔪᒥ ᐃᓂᒥ ᓯᒃᑭᑎᕙᒃᐳᑦ. ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᔪᑦ: ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᐊᕐᔪᒃᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒡᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᔪᕐᓴᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᓐᓂᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐃᑲᔪᕈᓐᓇᖅᓗᓂ.
ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓖᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ, ᐃᒃᓯᕙᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕖᓪᓗ
ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᒪᓕᒃᐳᑦ, ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᒃᓯᕙᐅᑕᕐᒥ ᐃᒃᓯᕚᖅᐳᑦ, ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᕕᓚᐅᖅᑕᒥᓂᒡᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕖᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᙱᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᕙᒃᐳᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᓇᓕᐊᑦ ᐃᒃᓯᕙᐅᑕᐃᑦ “ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓖᑦ” (ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᖃᓂᓂᖅᐹᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᒃᓯᕚᒐᔪᓛᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᑕᐃᒪ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᒐᔪᓛᕐᕕᖏᑦ). ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ “ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓖᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ” ᐃᓚᒋᔭᖓ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᖏᖅᓯᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᓲᖃᐃᒻᒪ ᐅᐱᒪᓗᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐅᕙᓂ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᑦᑎᐊᕐᒪᑕ
ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᓐᓂ ᐅᐱᒪᓗᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᓛᒥᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ: ᐃᓕᑦᑕᒃᓴᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᐃᓱᒪ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᓂᒃ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᓗ ᐊᑐᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᓱᓕᔪᑎᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ. ᔅᑭᓇ (Skinner) ᑎᒻᒥᐊᓂ ᑐᕗᐊᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓂᕿᑖᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᓯᑯᑦᓯᐅᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃ. ᕉᓚᑦ ᓂᕿᑖᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑎᐅᔪᖅ ᓯᑯᑦᓯᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐊᓄᕌᒃᓴᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᒃ.
ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᐱᒪᓗᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᖅᑕᒃᓴᖅ
ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ “ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᒃᑐᙱᑦᑐᑦ” ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᓕᒻᒥᒡᓗ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᒥᒃ ᐊᓂᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᐅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ ᐅᐱᒪᓗᐊᖅᑕᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᕐᓗᒍ. ᐊᓯᖏᑦ, ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐱᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓖᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᑭᖃᙱᑦᑐᑦ, ᐊᔪᕐᓴᓇᙱᑦᑐᑦ, ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᓗ ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓂᒃ ᓱᓇᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᑎᙱᑦᑐᑎᑦ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓐᓂ. ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ, ᓱᓇᒥᒃ. ᑳᓯᓄᒥ, ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᒡᒐᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒧᑦ ᐃᓂᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᐅᑎᔪᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ; ᓴᓐ-ᕖᓴᓐ-ᒥ ᑳᓯᓄ ᐊᖏᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓱᓕᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᓂ 1/37-ᒥ 50,653-ᓂ 1, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᑕᐃᑲᙵᓂᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᐱᓯᒪᔪᖅ.
ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᓯᒪᓂᖅᓴᖅᑕᖓ: ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ 2.70%.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →, ᐱᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᒃᑯᑦ 2.70%-ᒥ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ ᐱᓚᐅᖅᑕᑎᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᑎᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Skinner, B. F. “‘Superstition’ in the pigeon.”
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Wykes, A. The Complete Illustrated Guide to Gambling.