ᑕᔅᑐᔪᐃᕝᔅᑭᐅᑉ ᕉᓚᑦᑕᓐᐳᕐᒡ
The Gambler (1866): ᕉᓚᑦᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᐃᑦ ᐱᐅᓛᖓ, ᐊᖑᑎᒧᑦ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂ ᖁᓕᓂ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᓂᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᓂ.
ᑕᔅᑐᔭᐃᕝᔅᑭ (Dostoevsky) The Gambler-ᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᐃᔅᐹᑕᓐ ᕼᐊᒻᐳᕐᒡᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᑭᓖᔭᖏᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᓂᐊᖅᓗᒋᑦ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑎᖓ ᐊᓕᒃᓯ ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᑳᓯᓅᖓᓂᒃ, ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ, ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᕋᐅᔭᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᕐᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᐅᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓂᖓ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᓱᓕᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓈᓴᐃᔨᐅᑉ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᑉ ᐱᐅᓯᑎᔪᓐᓇᙱᑕᖓᓂᒃ.
ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᖏᑦ
1866-ᒥ ᑕᔅᑐᔭᐃᕝᔅᑭ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᑎᔨᒧᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᒥᒃ ᑐᓂᓯᑦᑐᐊᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᕕᐱᕆ 1-ᒧᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᙱᑉᐸᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔭᒥᓄᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᐊᖅᓗᓂ. ᔫᒪᓂ ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕐᕕᓖᓐᓂ 1863-ᒥ 1865-ᒥᓗ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᑦᑎᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᓕᐊᕐᒥᓗ ᓴᓇᐅᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓖᔭᐅᑎᒋᓪᓗᓂ. ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᒥᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐋᓇ ᓯᓂᑦᑭᓇ, The Gambler-ᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᐅᑐᐱᕆ 4-ᒥᑦ 29-ᒧᑦ, ᐅᓪᓗᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ. ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥ ᐋᓇ ᐅᐃᓕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ. 1871-ᒧᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖏᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓄᖅᑲᓪᓚᕆᓪᓗᓂ.
ᕉᓚᑦᑕᓐᐳᕐᒡ
ᓄᓇᓕᒃ ᐅᐃᔅᐹᑕᓐ, ᕼᐊᒻᐳᕐᒡ ᐸᐊᑕᓐ-ᐸᐊᑕᓐᓗ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ: Kurhaus, ᐱᓱᒡᕕᒃ, ᐅᓛᓯᐊᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᐊᑭᓖᔭᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓅᔪᑦ ᐊᓈᓇᑦᓯᐊᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᑐᖁᓂᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᑕᖅᑭᔪᑦ. ᑳᓯᓄᒥ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᑦ. ᐊᓕᒃᓯ ᑯᕉᐱᐊᓪᓗᐃᓄᐃᑦᑯᕉᐱᐊᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᐅᓗᐱᓕᒐᖅ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᒃᓴᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒃᑐᓂᒃ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᒪᓕᒃᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ “ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᒃ”, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᓪᓗ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᖅᑐᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ. ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓇ ᐅᕙᓂ ᕉᓚᑦᒧᑦ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᔪᖅ; ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ.
ᐊᓈᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ
ᐅᓂᒃᑳᐅᑉ ᐱᐅᓛᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ: ᐊᓐᑐᓂᑕ ᕙᓯᓕᐊᕙᓇ (Antonida Vasilievna), ᐊᓈᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖃᑦᓯᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᑐᖁᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᑕᖅᑭᔭᖓ, ᕉᓚᑦᑕᓐᐳᕐᒡᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᖅ ᐃᑦᑎᐊᕐᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᓯᕉᒧᑦᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᓯᕉᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᔾᔪᐊᕌᔭᒃ ᐃᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᑕᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᙱᑕᖓ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓪᓗᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 0.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᑐᖅ 35, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᐸᓐᓂᕋᐅᔭᖅᑕᐅᒐᒥ, ᐊᔪᒐᖅᓗᓂᓗ. ᓯᕉᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑯᓂ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑯᓂ. ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓕᖅᑕᖏᑦ, ᓯᕉᒥᒃ ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓐᓇᖅᓗᓂ, ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑐᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᕋᐃᓪᓗᓂ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑭᖑᕚᕆᔭᒃᓴᖏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 35:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᓂ ᐱᐅᓛᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᖅ 1/37 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᓄᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐊᒥ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᓯᒪᔪᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᖓᓂᒃ.
ᐊᓕᒃᓯ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖓ
ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᐅᑉ ᐃᓱᐊᓂ ᐊᓕᒃᓯ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᕼᐊᓐᑐᕆᑦ ᑕᐅᓴᓐ ᕗᕋᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᒥ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ, ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐸᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᒥᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᖅᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 18 ᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ. ᕖᓇᓯᑐᑦ: ᕈᔾ (rouge).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖅ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᐃᓱᒪᔪᖅ ᑐᑭᓯᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ: ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᒪᓂᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ. ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐲᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᕐᓗ ᒪᑉᐱᒑᓂᒃ ᐅᓄᙱᑦᑐᓂ. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᑐᑭᓯᔪᖅ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᐅᙱᓛᖑᓚᐅᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᓯᒪᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᓕᕆᔨᐅᑉ ᑕᑯᓯᐊᖓ ᕼᐊᓐᑐᕆᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕐᕕᓖᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖅ; ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᐃᔅᐹᑕᓐᒥ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐅᐃᔅᐹᑕᓐ ᐊᑯᓂ; ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᖅ; ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᔪᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ; Crime and Punishment ᐃᓚᖓ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ.
The Gambler 26-ᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᓐᓂᐊᖅᓗᒍ.
ᐋᓇ ᓯᓂᑦᑭᓇ ᐅᐃᓕᐅᖅᑕᖓ; ᓯᓚᑖᓄᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔪᒃ; ᕼᐊᒻᐳᕐᒡᒥ, ᐸᐊᑕᓐ-ᐸᐊᑕᓐᒥ ᓵᒃᓴᓐ-ᓚ-ᐸᐃᓐᒥᓗ (Saxon-les-Bains) ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᖏᓐᓇᖅᓗᓂ.
ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖓ, ᐅᐃᔅᐹᑕᓐᒥ. ᐋᓇᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑐᒥᒃ. ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑐᖅ.
ᔫᒪᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑦ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᔪᑦ. The Gambler ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᓄᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᕉᓚᑦᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᐃᑦ ᐱᐅᓛᖓ
ᓇᓕᒧᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᙱᒻᒪᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓇᓗ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕐᒪᑦ. ᐅᕙᓂ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᖅ, ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᔪᑦ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᙱᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᐅᔪᖅᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖅᐱᓐᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒥ ᐊᖏᔪᖅ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓐᓂ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᔅᑐᔭᐃᕝᔅᑭ ᐊᖑᑎᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᑕᒫᖏᑕ ᐊᑉᐱᐊᓂᒃ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔪᒥᒃ, ᑐᓪᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓗᑎᒃ, ᐃᓗᐊᓂᑦ, ᐅᖃᓕᒫᖅᑎᓗ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒃᓴᖅᓯᐅᖅᑎᑦᓯᓪᓗᓂ. ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᑎᔪᖅ; ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓈᒻᒪᙱᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᑎᔪᖅ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᓄᖅᑲᖓᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ: ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᓐᓇᙱᓐᓂᕋᐃᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᓂᕋᐃᓂᖅ ᓱᓕᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓᓗ ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥᑦ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᖏᓐᓇᖅᓗᓂᐅᒃ.
ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᐅᐃᔅᐹᑕᓐ ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᒪᓕᒐᑦᓴᐅᔪᖅ.
ᓇᐃᑦᑐᖅ: ᐅᓐᓄᓴᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᒃᑯᑦ. ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ ᑐᓪᓕᐊ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ, ᑭᖑᓂᐊᓂ ᐱᙱᓪᓗᒍ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓗᐊᖅᑕᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᑦᑎᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᖏᓐᓇᖅᓗᓂᐅᒃ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Dostoevsky, F. The Gambler.
- Frank, J. Dostoevsky: The Miraculous Years, 1865–1871.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.