ᕉᓚᑦ: ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖓ
ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖓ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐊᖑᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐱᓂᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᑦᑐᐊᓘᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᓇᒧᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ.

ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐱᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᖃᓕᕐᐸᒃᑐᑦ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓂ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ 2.70%-ᒥᑦ, ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᖅ.
ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐊᖅ
ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᖅᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᑉᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐃᕗᕆᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕙᓚᓐ, 18–21 mm.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᑦᑕᕐᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᖁᓛᒍᑦ, ᐱᐅᓯᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᓴᙱᓂᖃᖅᓗᓂ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᓕᒃ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᐅᓯᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖃᖅᓗᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᒃᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑕᒪᒃᑭᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᐸᒃᑯᑦ, ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᑉ ᐃᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᖁᑎᖃᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᒡᓗᓐᓂᓐᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ, ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐃᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᖃᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᓯᒪᕝᕕᖓᓂᑦ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ “ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖓᓂᒃ” ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓂᑦ ᓴᓂᓕᐅᑎᒌᒃᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᑲᑎᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑕᐃᒪ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᖃᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖓᓂᒃ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ.
ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒃᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑕᐅᒻᒪᑦ
ᓯᑕᒪᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ. ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᑉ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐱᑦᑕᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ. ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᐱᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᒡᒐᒥᑦ. ᐱᑕᐅᕝᕕᖓ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖑᔪᖅ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᐃᒡᓗᓐᓂᖓᓪᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ 10-ᓂᑦ 15-ᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᓄᑦ ᓴᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓄᑦ. ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᖅᐸᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᒃ ᓯᑭᓐ ᖁᓕᒋᓕᖓᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ, ᓯᐊᒻᒪᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᑐᓴᓐᓇᓂᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 2.70%-ᒥᑦ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ. ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓱᓕᔪᓂ ᑳᓯᓄᑉ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂ ᓈᓴᐃᓇᓱᒃᑐᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᓐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑐᖅᓯᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ.
ᑐᐊᑉ ᐊᖏᙱᓐᓂᖓ
ᑎᓯᐱᕆ 1979-ᒥ ᓯᑏᕙᓐ ᑭᒻᒥᓪ (Stephen Kimmel) Gambling Times-ᒥ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᐃᓕᒪ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᑲᐃᕙᑦᑎᕙᒻᒪᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᖁᓕᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᓄᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂ. ᑐᐊᑉ (Thorp) (1984) ᑭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᖅ ᓈᒻᒪᙱᒻᒪᑦ. ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᙱᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑦ: ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᑉ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓ, ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᐅᓐᓂᖓ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᒡᒐᒥᑦ ᐱᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᑕᒪᑦ 8-ᓂᒃ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᐸᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ 4-ᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐊᒍᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᖅᓴᖅ 12-ᓂᒃ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᑎᒃᑐᖅᓗᓂ, ᐃᒡᓗᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᖃᓂᐊᓂ ᐃᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ; ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐃᓂ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒡᒐ ᖃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᙱᑉᐸᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᕐᒥ ᐱᖓᔪᐊᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᓈᒻᒪᒃᓯᔪᖅ ᓈᓴᐃᓪᓗᓂ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒥᑦ, ᐃᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᖁᓛᒍᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐱᕙᒃᑕᖓ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᒃ, ᑐᐊᓪᓗ ᓇᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓄᑦ 20 ᐃᓂᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ, 16-ᓂᑦ 17-ᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓂᓂᑦ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᐅᓕᕐᓂᖏᑦᑐᖅ (ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᕉᓚᑦ: ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᕿᓂᕐᓂᖅ).

ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑦ
ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓗᒍ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᐱᑕᐅᕝᕕᖓ (ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ) ᐃᓱᓕᑉᐳᑎᖓᓗ ᕼᐊᓐᑐᕆᑦᑕᓄᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᑎᓕᒻᒥᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᒥᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ. ᓈᓴᕐᓗᒍ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᖓ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ, ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᓗᒋᑦ. ᓈᒻᒪᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᖁᑦᑎᒋᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ 37 ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᖏᓐᓂ; ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖅ ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᕐᒥ z ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪ ᐊᑐᓪᓚᕆᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᒧᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ, ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᑦ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᒃ.
ᓴᐳᔾᔨᔾᔪᑏᑦ
ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐅᕐᕕᐃᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᐱᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᓴᙱᓂᖓ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᑦᑎᖁᓪᓗᒍ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᐅᑉ ᑲᐃᕙᕝᕕᖓ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓗᒍ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓗᒋᑦ 20-ᓂᑦ 40-ᓄᑦ ᒥᓂᑦᑕᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓪᓗ ᒪᑐᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᕆᓕᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ. ᐃᓕᖁᓯᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᒃ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖅᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᖅᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᒃ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖅᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᕐᒥ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᖅᑐᓂ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓂ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐱᑕᐅᕝᕕᖓ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐃᓱᓕᑉᐳᑎᖓᒻᒪᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᕐᓄᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᑖᓐᓇ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐱᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓ ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᙱᓐᓇᕐᒥᐅᒃ.
ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓴᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᐅᓗᓂ
ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐊᖑᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᖅ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐃᓐᓇᓂᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ. ᐆᒃᑐᕈᑎ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑖᓐᓇ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᑉ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓂᖓᒍᑦ (ᐃᓱᓕᑉᐳᑎ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ), ᑕᐃᒪ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᑕᖃᙱᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ: ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᒍ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂ, ᑕᑯᓗᒍᓗ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᒻᒪᖔᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ; ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ, ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᑦ.
ᐱᕆᖅᑐᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᑦ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᒃᑐᑦ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᐅᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᑐᑭᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᐋᒃᑲ. ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐃᓂᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ; ᐃᓕᖁᓯᖅ ᐱᑕᐅᕝᕕᖓᓂᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᑲᐃ-ᔅᑯᐃᐅ ᐊᖏᒡᓕᑎᑦᓯᕙᒃᑐᒃ; ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ

ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐊᖅ, ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- Small, M. & Tse, C. K. “Predicting the outcome of roulette.”
- Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling.