ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖅ
ᖁᓕᑦ ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᓇᑭᙶᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑭᓇᓪᓗ ᐊᔪᖅᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᓚᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᖁᓕᓂᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓂᓪᓗ ᓂᕈᐊᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᒥᑦ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑭᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᖅ, ᑲᑎᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᓂᓗ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ.
ᐸᓯᑲᓪ (Pascal), ᓚᐳᓚᐃ (Lablée), ᐳᓛᓐᑦ (the Blancs), ᔮᒡᒐ (Jagger), ᐅᐊᓪᔅ (Wells), ᐲᔅᓴᓐ (Pearson), ᑕᔅᑐᔪᐃᕝᔅᑭ (Dostoevsky), ᑐᐊᑉ (Thorp), ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ (the Eudaemons), ᒑᓯᐊ-ᐱᓚᔪ (García-Pelayo) 26-ᓪᓗ ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᖅᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 18 ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ. ᕖᓇᓯᑐᑦ: ᓄᐊᕐ (noir).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →. ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᓂᕈᐊᕐᕕᓕᒃ, ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᐃᑕᐅᕙᒃᓗᑎᒃ, ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᖕᒧᓪᓗ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᓄᑦ ᐃᑳᕈᑎᓕᒃ ᑕᒻᒪᖅᑕᑎᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦ
10: ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖅ ᐃᓕᖁᓯᕐᓗ ᐃᓚᖓ ᒪᕐᕉᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᓚᐅᖅᑕᑎᑦ.
8–9: ᐅᖃᓕᒫᑦᑎᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᑎᑦ.
5–7: ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑎᑦ; ᐅᓪᓗᖏᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖏᓪᓗ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑐᓂ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᕐᒥ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑐᑦ.
5-ᒥᑦ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᖅ: ᕉᓚᑦ: ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖓ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖓ ᖁᓕᓂᒃ ᒥᓂᑦᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕈᑎᐅᔪᖅ.
ᐸᓯᑲᓪ ᑲᐃᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓ.
ᑕᓚᒻᐱᐅᕐ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓗᐊᖅᑕᖓ Encyclopédie-ᒥ.
ᐸᐃᕆᔅ; ᓚᐳᓚᐃ.
ᕼᐊᒻᐳᕐᒡ; ᐳᓛᓐᑦ; ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ.
ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗ.
ᑕᔅᑐᔪᐃᕝᔅᑭᐅᑉ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓ The Gambler.
ᔮᒡᒐ.
ᐅᐊᓪᔅ.
ᐲᔅᓴᓐ.
26 ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᑦ.
ᕼᐋᓪᒧᔅ (Halmos) ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᖓ: ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᓗ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑎᑦᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᑐᐊᑉ ᓵᓄᓐ (Shannon)-ᓗ.
ᔫᑎᒪᓐᔅ.
ᒑᓯᐊ-ᐱᓚᔪ.
ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᓯᕉ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖏᑦ ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᑕᑯᓗᒍ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖏᑦ.
ᐋᒡᒐ. ᐅᐱᒪᓗᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᕐᒥ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᖁᓕᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓪᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᐃᑦ, ᖁᓕᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒡᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.