ᕉᓚᑦ ᒪᑳᐅᒥ
ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᒃ ᐊᖏᓛᖅ, ᕉᓚᑦ ᐹᑲᕋᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᓪᓗ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒃ.
ᒪᑳᐅᐅᑉ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᖏᑦ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᕙᒃᐳᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᓕᒫᓂ, ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓪᓚᑦᑖᖑᔪᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒃ 2.70%-ᒥ, ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᓕᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ. ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ; ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᓯᐊᓇᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᐃᓯᐊᓕᒫᒥᓪᓗ. ᐹᑲᕋ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑏᑦ ᖁᓕᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᖃᖅᑐᖅ.
ᓄᓇᒥ ᑳᓯᓅᑦ
ᐳᑐᒐᓪᓕᐅᑉ ᒪᑳᐅᖓ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᐅᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 1840-ᖏᓐᓂ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᑕᓐᓕ ᕼᐆ (Stanley Ho) STDM-ᖓᓄᑦ 1962-ᒥ. 1999-ᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᐊᓯᖓᓄᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᓄᖅᑲᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. 2002-ᒥ ᒪᑳᐅ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, SJM-ᒧᑦ, Galaxy-ᒧᑦ Wynn-ᒧᓪᓗ, ᐊᑐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ: Sands 2002-ᒥ, MGM 2005-ᒥ Melco-ᓗ 2006-ᒥ. ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᒃᑯᓯᐅᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ 2022-ᒥ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᖁᓕᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᔮᓐᓄᐊᓕ 2023-ᒥᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᓄᑦ, ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᙱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᑦᓴᓂᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑯᑕᐃ ᐊᖁᑎ (Cotai Strip), ᑕᐃᐸᐅᑉ ᑯᓗᐊᓐᐅᓪᓗ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᓄᓇᙳᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᕝᕕᐊᓗᖕᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑐᖅ; ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᓇᑦᑎᖓᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑦ ᑐᖁᓯᒪᓐᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ.
ᓱᖕᒪᑦ ᕉᓚᑦ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐅᕙᓂ
ᒪᑳᐅᐅᑉ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᖏᑦ ᐹᑲᕋᐅᕗᑦ: ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐅᑉ 85–90%-ᖓ. ᕉᓚᑦ ᓯᒃ ᐳ-ᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᐅᑎᓂᒡᓗ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᔪᓂ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᕙᒃᐳᑦ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᒐᒥᐅᒃ, ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᕼᐊᓐᑐᕆᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᕙᓗᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᒐᒥᒃ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᓯᕉᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᔾᔪᐊᕌᔭᒃ ᐃᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᑕᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᙱᑕᖓ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓪᓗᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 0.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᔪᖅ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᒃ ᐃᐅᕌᐸᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ, ᐅᕙᓂᓪᓗ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑎ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖅᓯᔪᖅ ᐹᑲᕋᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑐᐃᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᔪᖅ, ᕉᓚᑦ ᐃᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑕᑯᙱᓪᓗᓂ.
ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ
ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᒪᑳᐅᒥ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓄᓪᓗ; ᐊᕕᒃᑐᖅᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑳᓯᓅᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᐅᖅᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᒪᑐᓯᕙᒃᓗᓂᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᒥᓂᒃ. ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᐊᓗᒃ ᓯᐊᓇᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᖅ ᐊᐃᓯᐊᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᒪᑳᐅᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᐳᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᖃᙱᓪᓗᓂᓗ. ᒪᑳᐅᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᕉᓚᑦᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᒪᔪᖅ ᑳᓯᓄᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ.
ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗ
ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔨᑦ ᑲᑎᑦᓯᔨᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ (DICJ) ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᕙᒃᓗᓂᓗ. 2023-ᒥᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑭᒡᓕᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᐃᓯᖅᑐᖅ 21 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒃ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᓪᓗ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖏᑦ ᒪᑳᐅᐅᑉ ᑳᓯᓅᖏᓐᓂ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᐱᐅᖅᑐᖅᑐᓂᖅ ᐱᐅᖅᑐᖅᑐᕕᖕᓂ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᐊᒥᓱᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᐳᑐᒐᓪᓕᐅᑉ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᖏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᐅᖅᓯᔪᑦ.
STDM ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᓯᑕᓐᓕ ᕼᐆ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ.
ᓯᐊᓇᒧᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓂᖅ; ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ.
ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ (SJM, Galaxy, Wynn); ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ 2002–2006-ᒥ; Sands Macao ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ 2004-ᒥ.
Venetian Macao ᑯᑕᐃᒥ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ; ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᑦ.
ᒪᑳᐅᐅᑉ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᖏᑦ ᖁᑦᑎᓛᒥ US$45 ᐱᓕᐊᓐ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᐊᖅ, ᓛᔅ ᕖᒐᔅ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ.
ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᑖᑦ ᖁᓕᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᒃᑯᓯᐅᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᑦᓴᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᐅᙱᑦᑐᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᓕᒃ.
ᒪᑳᐅᒥ ᕉᓚᑦ ᑭᒡᓕᖏᑦ, ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔪᐃᓪᓗ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᖅᑎᒧᑦ
ᓂᕆᐅᒋᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ, ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᒥᑭᓛᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᖅ (HK$100–300 ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᖅ ᑯᑕᐃᒥ) ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᒥᑭᓛᖅ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᐅᓗᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾᒪᓕᒐᖅᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾᕖᓇᓯ ᒪᓕᒐᖓ: ᓯᕉ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᐸᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᕿᑎᖓ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᕿᑎᐊᓄᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᒋᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ, 1.35%-ᒧᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᑕᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᓯᓂᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᒪᑳᐅᒥ ᐊᑭᑭᓛᖅ ᓱᓕᔪᖅ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐊᓗᖕᒥ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ.
ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑕᐅᕝᕕᐃᑦ ᐅᖃᓘᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᓄᑦ
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐱᑕᖃᓪᓚᑦᑖᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᒃ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒃ.
ᐄ, ᒪᑳᐅᒥ. ᓯᐊᓇᐅᑉ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᑭᒡᓕᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑖᓄᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᒃᓂᖅ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕝᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᐃᑦᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ 2021-ᒥᑦ.
ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᖅ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑏᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᒻᒪᖔᑦ, “X 1-ᒧᑦ” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓚᓇᒍ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᑦ, ᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾ ᐱᑕᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨ ᑳᓐᑐᓂᔅᑎᑐᑦ ᖃᑉᓗᓈᑎᑐᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᑳᓯᓄᓕᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᐊᓗᒃ ᐊᖏᓛᖅ, ᕉᓚᑦᓗ ᓂᐱᖃᓐᓂᖅᐹᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau (DICJ).