ᑭᓇ ᕉᓚᑦ ᓴᓇᓚᐅᖅᐸᐅᒃ? ᕉᓚᑦ ᓇᑭᙶᕐᓂᖓ
ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ, ᐊᑎᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᓄᓇᓕᒡᔪᐊᕐᓗ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᕐᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ.
ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᕉᓚᑦᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑦᑎᑐᑦ ᐸᐃᕆᔅᒥ ᓴᖅᑭᖅᑐᖅ 18-ᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᑕᑎᒐᖏᑦ ᐃᓱᐊᓂ, ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓃᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥᓪᓗ ᐃᑕᓕ ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓃᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ.
ᓯᕗᓕᐊᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ
ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓃᑦ ᐃᑦᑐᕆᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᓂᓯᔪᑦ. ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ 1740-ᖏᓐᓂ E.O. (“even-odd”, ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ-ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ) ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒃ ᖁᓖᓂᒃ ᐃᓂᓕᒻᒥᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → E-ᒥᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ O-ᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᓕᓐᓂᒃ, ᐊᖅᓴᕐᒥᒡᓗᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᖅᒥᑭᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᐊᖁᑎᖓᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᑉᐱᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖅᓵᑦ ᐃᕗᕆᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᕙᓚᓐ, 18–21 mm.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑐᕌᖓᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᒋᑕᐅᔪᒥᒃ; 1745-ᒥ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦᓗ. ᕈᓕ-ᐳᓕ, ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᑦᑐᕆᓂᖅᓴᖅ, ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖓ. ᐃᑕᓕ ᓛᑐᕆ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᕆᐱ, ᔨᓄᐊᒥ 1750 ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐱᒋᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᕖᓇᓯᒥᓗ ᑲᕙᓐᔪᓪ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ, 70-ᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᖓᓂᒃ, ᐳᖅᓴᒥᓪᓗ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐃᓗᐊᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᑎᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᒥᒃ; ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ 64-ᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ (63, 1-ᒧᑦ), ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᕆᔨ 70 ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑏᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᑐᙵᕕᒋᔭᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ. ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᓇᓕᐊᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ 6 ᐱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᖅ, ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ 8.57%. ᑳᓴᓄᕙ (Casanova), 1760-ᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᒡᓚᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᒎᓯᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᕖᓇᓯᓗ 1837-ᒥ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓᓂᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᐅᓗᐱᓕᒐᖅ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᒃᓴᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᖏᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᒻᒪᖔᑦ, “X 1-ᒧᑦ” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓚᓇᒍ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᓯᔪᖅ. ᕼᐅᑲ, ᕖᓇᓯ ᑲᒪᒃᑎᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂ 1600-ᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᖁᓖᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᒃ, ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᓯᒪᓂᖅᓴᖅᑕᖓ: ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ 2.70%.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐃᓂᓕᒃ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᕉᓚᑦᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ; ᑲᑐᔾᔨᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖏᑦ.
ᕼᐅᑲ ᕖᓇᓯ ᑲᒪᒃᑎᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᓂ: ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᖁᓖᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ, ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓂᖏᑦ. ᓗᐃᒧᑦ (Louis XIV) ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐱᕆᐱ ᐃᑕᓕᒥ ᕖᓇᓯᒥᓗ: ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐳᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᐊᖏᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ.
E.O. ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂ: ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ, ᐊᖅᓴᖅ, ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ. 1745-ᒥ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ.
ᐸᐃᕆᔅ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᒻᒥᒡᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥᒃ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᔪᖅ. 0 00-ᓗ ᒪᕐᕉᒃᑎᒃ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓂᖓᒃ.
ᐹᓚᐃ-ᕉᔭᓪ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ, ᓚᐳᓚᐃ (Lablée) ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓᓂ (1801) ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ.
ᓇᓂ ᕉᓚᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᐸ? ᐸᐃᕆᔅᒥ, 1796-ᒧᑦ
ᔮᒃ ᓚᐳᓚᐃ (Jaques Lablée) ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓ La Roulette, ou le Jour, 1801-ᒥ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᔪᖅ, ᐹᓚᐃ-ᕉᔭᓪᒥ 1796-ᒥ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ 1-ᒥᑦ 36-ᒧᑦ, ᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᒥᒃᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᖅᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 18 ᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ. ᕖᓇᓯᑐᑦ: ᕈᔾ (rouge).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓯᕉᒥᒃᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᓯᕉᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᔾᔪᐊᕌᔭᒃ ᐃᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᑕᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᙱᑕᖓ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓪᓗᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 0.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᒥᒡᓗᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᖅᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 18 ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓄᑦ. ᕖᓇᓯᑐᑦ: ᓄᐊᕐ (noir).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓯᕉᒥᒃᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᖅᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓯᕉᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᑕ 00 ᐃᓂᖓ. ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᖓ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ 2.70%-ᒥᑦ 5.26%-ᒧᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥᓪᓗ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᓯᓚᑖᓂᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᒻᒥᒃᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓯᓚᑖᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖓᑕ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓂ ᓯᑕᒪᐅᓕᐊᓄᑦ: ᑕᓴᓐᑦ, ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒡᓗ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓖᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖓᓂᒃ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᖅ, ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᒧᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᓕᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ. ᐹᓚᐃ-ᕉᔭᓪ ᐸᐃᕆᔅ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖓ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᑖᒃᓯᓕᐅᕐᑕᐅᔪᖅᓗ, 1837-ᒥ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᔮᒪᓂ ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕐᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐊᑎᖓ
ᕉᓚᑦ ᕖᓇᓯ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖓᓂ “ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕋᐃᑦ” ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓃᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑎᖃᓕᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ: 1758-ᒥ ᓄᑖᖅ ᕖᓇᓯ ᒪᓕᒐᖓ, ᕖᓇᓯ ᓄᓇᖓ ᓴᓐ ᓗᐊᓐᔅ ᑰᖓᓂ, ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᑎᑦᓯᓕᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ “ᑕᐃᔅᓂᒃ, ᕼᐅᑲ, ᕙᐊᕈ ᕉᓚᑦᓗ”, ᓯᐊᓕ (Shelley, 1988) ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑕᖓᑎᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪ ᕉᓚᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔪᓂ ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᓛᓐᓂ “roulet”-ᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᒎᓯᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ “ᕖᓇᓯ E.O.”-ᑐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ. 1820-ᖏᓐᓄᑦ “ᕉᓚᑦ” ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᑐᑭᖃᓕᖅᑐᖅ.
ᓯᕉᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ
ᐸᐃᕆᔅᒥ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ 0-ᒥᒃ 00-ᒥᒡᓗ ᐱᖃᖅᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ 5.26% ᑐᓂᓯᔪᑦ 38-ᓂᒃ ᐃᓂᓕᒻᒥ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐳᓛᓐ ᐃᓐᓂᓄᑦ ᐹᑦ ᕼᐊᒻᐳᕐᒡᒥ 1843-ᒥ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᐅᔪᖅ, ᐊᔪᕆᐅᖃᑎᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᑎᑭᐅᑎᓇᓱᐊᕐᓗᓂ. ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓ ᓯᕉᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃᑎᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᓯᒪᓕᕐᒪᑦ, ᑕᐅᕙᓂᓗ ᐊᔪᕆᐅᖃᑎᖃᙱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑭᑭᓪᓕᖅᓯᔭᕆᐊᖃᙱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖏᑦ ᓱᓕ ᓯᕗᒧᐊᖅᑐᑦ: 19-ᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᑕᑎᒐᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ 1-ᒥᑦ 28-ᒧᑦ ᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ 0, 00 ᑎᖕᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᓗ ᐱᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒧᑦ 27, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ 12.90%, ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓂᓗᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᖅᖁᓕᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒡᓗ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᐅᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᖓᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 2:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑕᕐᕋᖏᓐᓂᓗ 9.68% ᐱᔪᖅ. ᐊᑯᓂ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᒃᐸᑦ
ᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᒥᓂᑦᑕᒫᑦ ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑕᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᓪᓗ ᖃᔅᓯᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᑰᖅᑐᑦ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᒧᑦ. ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᐅᓛᖑᔪᖅ: ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᖅ, ᐱᔪᒪᓇᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᖏᒡᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᒐᕙᒪᒧᑦ ᑖᒃᓯᓕᐅᕐᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓂᓪᓗ ᒪᓕᒃᑐᖅ ᐸᐃᕆᔅᒥᑦ ᕼᐊᒻᐳᕐᒡᒧᑦ ᒪᓇᑯᒧᑦ ᓇᓃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᓪᓗ.
ᐊᓯᑦᑐᙱᑦᑐᑦ
ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑏᑦ (36/n − 1), ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔨᐅᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖓ ᓚᐳᓚᐃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᖓᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᑦ. ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᖏᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ, ᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᐅᑎᖏᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐊᖅᓴᐅᑉ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᐅᑎᖓᓴᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑉᐱᕆᒐᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐊᑖᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ, ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖅᓴᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅᓯᔭᖅᑎᑕᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᕿᔭᖅᐸᒃ, ᓯᑕᒪᐅᓕᐊᖅ, ᑭᑦᑐᖅᓯᐅᑎ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐳᐃᒍᐊᕐᓂᖅᓴᐃᓪᓗ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᑎᖏᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᑎᖓᓴᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᑎ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓂᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → 19-ᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᑕᑎᒐᖏᓐᓂ ᐱᐅᓯᕚᓪᓕᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᖅᓴᕐᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᑦᑐᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᑭᓪᓕᓂᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᓐᓂᖅ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᐱᐅᓯᕚᓪᓕᖅᓯᔪᖅᓗ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
1650-ᖏᓐᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᓗᓂ. ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᑐᖃᐅᔪᖅ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖓ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ.
ᐹᓚᐃ-ᕉᔭᓪᒥ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᒃ 1837-ᒧᑦ, ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ 1907-ᒧᑦ, ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪ ᑳᓯᓅᑦ ᐃᒥᖅᑕᕐᕕᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᓯᒡᔭᖓᓂᓗ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᐊᓘᖅᑐᑦ.
ᑕᕐᕋᖏᑦ ᓱᕋᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᑕᖅᑎᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐊᖏᔪᑦ/ᒥᑭᔪᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᑦ/ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓪᓗ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᒃᑎᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᑦ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᑦ 19-ᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᑕᑎᒐᖏᓐᓂ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦᓗ.
ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᐆᒃᑐᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ; ᐅᐸᒍᓐᓇᕈᕕᑦ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᓗᒍ.
ᐱᕆᐱ (Biribi) 64-ᒥᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᕙᒃᑐᖅ, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒧᑦ 70-ᓂᑦ: 63, 1-ᒧᑦ. ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᖃᓄᑎᒋᕙ? ᒪᕐᕉᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᓯᒪᒍᓂ, ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᒻᒪᖔᑦ, “X 1-ᒧᑦ” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓚᓇᒍ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᐊᖅᐸ?
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ 6/70, 8.57%. ᒪᕐᕉᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 31, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ, ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ.
ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ 70 ᐊᔪᒐᐅᑎᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ 63-ᒥᒡᓗ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑏᓂᒃᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᑐᙵᕕᒋᔭᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ. ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᓇᓕᐊᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ; ᐊᓯᖏᑦ 69 ᐊᔪᒐᐅᑏᑦ 1-ᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ 8.57%. ᐊᓯᐊᒍᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᓗᒍ, ᑳᓯᓄ 64-ᒥᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᓈᒻᒪᒃᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅᓈᒻᒪᒃᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ: ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᖓ ᓯᕉ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → 70-ᒥᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.
ᒪᕐᕉᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ x, 1-ᒧᑦ 70 ᐊᔪᒐᐅᑎᓂ ᒪᕐᕉᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ: 2x ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ 68 ᐊᓯᐅᔭᐅᔪᓂ ᐊᑐᓂ, ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᖓᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᖓᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᖅᓴᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᓐᓂᖓ. ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂ −1/37 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᓂᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → (2x − 68)/70. 2x − 68 = −6 ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓱᓗᒍ: x = 31. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ 32 ᐅᑎᖅᑐᖅ, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ, 64-ᐅᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᖓ.
ᐱᕆᐱᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑏᖏᑦ 64/n ᐅᑎᖅᑐᖅ, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ, ᒪᓕᒃᐸᒃᑐᑦ, 64-ᓗ ᓇᑉᐸᐅᑎᑦᑎᐊᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ᐊᒻᒪ 32 ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᖃᖅᑐᑦ. ᕉᓚᑦ 36-ᖓ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 ᐊᒻᒪ 36-ᒧᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒻᒧᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᐅᓗᐱᓕᒐᖅ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᒃᓴᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᖓᓱᓕᖕᓂᒃ ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑐᓕᒻᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐱᕆᐱᐅᑉ 70 ᓈᓴᐅᑏᖏᑦ, ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᓕᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᓯᑕᒪᓄᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᑦ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᑉ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᐅᑉ 8.57% ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᒪᓕᒐᖓᑎᒍᑦ, ᐱᖓᓱᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸ? ᖃᓂᓪᓕᖅᐹᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑏᑦ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐊᑭᖃᕐᓂᐊᖅᐸᑦ?
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ 20⅓, 1-ᒧᑦ. 20, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ 10%-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᖃᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ; 21, 1-ᒧᑦ, 5.71%.
ᖁᓛᓂ ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑎᒥ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ: n ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 64/n ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ. ᐱᖓᓱᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ 64/3 = 21⅓ ᐅᑎᖅᑐᖅ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ 20⅓, 1-ᒧᑦ, ᓯᑉᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᓯᑉᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎ ᐊᑭᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ: ᓯᐊᒃ (check).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᒋᔪᓐᓇᙱᑕᖓ.
ᐱᖓᓱᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ x, 1-ᒧᑦ 70 ᐊᔪᒐᐅᑎᓂ 3-ᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ 67-ᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍᓗ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓪᓗᓂ: ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᖓ (3x − 67)/70. 20, 1-ᒧᑦ: −7/70, 10%. 21, 1-ᒧᑦ: −4/70, 5.71%.
ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑎᐅᑉ ᐱᖓᓱᐅᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᑎᓕᒋᐊᖅᓯᓂᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᒥᒃ ᐳᐃᓐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂᒡᓗ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ; ᖁᕝᕙᓯᒋᐊᖅᓯᓂᖅ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐳᐃᓐᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᐱᖓᓱᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᑦ ᖁᓕᑦ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᓪᓗ, ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐃᑦ, ᕉᓚᑦ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ ᓂᕈᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓂ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᖓ ᐱᓗᐊᙱᓪᓗᒍ.
19-ᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᑕᑎᒐᖏᓐᓂ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᓕᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ 31 ᐃᓂᓂᒃᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᖃᖅᑐᖅ, 1-ᒥᑦ 28-ᒧᑦ 0, 00 ᑎᖕᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᓗ, ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᒧᑦ 27-ᒥᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ. ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᖅᖁᓕᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒡᓗ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᐅᑉ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᖓᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 2:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑕᕐᕋᖓᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᖏᑦ 9.68%-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᖃᖅᑐᑦ. ᓯᑕᒪᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸ, “1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ”, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᖃᖁᓪᓗᒍ?
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ
ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎ 7, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ, 3/31 = 9.68%-ᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ X-ᒥᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ, X ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑏᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ, ᐊᔪᒐᑉᐸᑦ. ᓯᑕᒪᓄᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ 31-ᓂ 4-ᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪ 4X ᐊᑦᔨᐅᑏᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ 31 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ: ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᖓ (4X − 31)/31.
7, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ −3/31, 9.68%, ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᕐᕋᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᑦ. 8, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐃᓚᓗᒍ +1/31-ᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᐱᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᖃᕐᓗᓂ. ᑕᐃᒪ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᓕᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐅᑉ ᒪᓕᒐᖓ (28 − n)/n, 1-ᒧᑦ, ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ 31-ᓂᑦ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓ, ᐃᑕᓕ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖓ, ᕖᓇᓯ ᐊᑎᖓ, ᓯᕉᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.
- Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 4th ed.