ᔪᓯᕝ ᔮᒡᒐ: ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒥ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎ
ᔪᐊᒃᓴᐃᐊᒥᐅᖅ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐊᓕᕆᔨ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᐅᒋᓂᖅᓴᖅᑐᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᓗ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᖁᓖᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ.
ᔪᓯᕝ ᕼᐋᑉᓴᓐ ᔮᒡᒐ (Joseph Hobson Jagger, 1830–1892), ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐊᓕᕆᔨ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑎ ᐳᕋᑦᕗᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᑦ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒥ 1880 ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ £80,000 ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓪᓗ ᐅᓄᕐᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑐᓴᒐᒃᓴᓕᐊᖅ ᑳᓯᓅᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓ ᐱᑕᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᑐᙵᕕᖃᖅᑐᖅ 1901-ᒥ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᕐᒥᒃ, ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ 1884-ᒥᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᑐᓂᓯᐅᑎᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓱᖅᑕᐅᑎᒥᒃ.
ᑎᑎᖅᑲᐃᑦ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᔭᖏᑦ
ᔪᓯᕝ ᕼᐋᑉᓴᓐ ᔮᒡᒐ ᓯᑎᐱᕆ 2, 1830-ᒥ ᓴᓪᕝᒥ (Shelf) ᐃᓅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐳᕋᑦᕗᑦ (Bradford) ᕼᐋᓕᕗᒃᔅᓗ (Halifax) ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓂ. ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᖁᓖᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒃ ᒪᑎᓕᑕ ᑕᐅᓐᑕᓐᒥᒃ (Matilda Townend) ᐊᐃᑉᐱᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒡᓗ ᕿᑐᕐᖏᖃᖅᑐᑯᒃ. ᐃᓅᓯᓕᒫᒥᓂ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐊᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᖅ: ᐱᖁᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒻᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒻᒥ ᖃᐱᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᔪᓂ ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᒫᓐᓯᔅᑐᕐᒥ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐊᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑎᔨᐅᓪᓗᓂ. 1861-ᒥ ᓇᓴᐃᓂᖅ ᐅᐊᑦᑕ ᑲᓐᓂᐊᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓕᐊᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᒎᓯᖃᖅᑐᖅ, 1881-ᒥᓗ ᐱᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓴᓇᔨᒥᒃ. ᑎᑎᖅᑲ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓴᓇᔨᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᓕᕆᔨᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᒎᓯᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ, “ᒥᑳᓂᒃ”-ᓗ, ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᕝᕕᖃᖅᑐᑦ.
ᐊᐃᐳᕆᓪ 1860-ᒥ ᒫᓐᓯᔅᑐᕐᒥ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᖓ ᐊᔪᖅᓴᓕᖅᑐᖅ, London Gazette-ᓗ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓱᐃᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᔾᔨᔪᖅ ᓛᖕᑲᔅᑐᕐ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕝᕕᖓᓂ (Lancaster Castle) ᓈᓚᒃᑕᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᕿᑐᕐᖓ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒃ. ᐃᓅᓯᖓᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᖓ ᐋᓐ ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐ (Anne Fletcher), ᐃᓚᒋᔭᖓ ᑭᖑᓂᖅᐸᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᓕᕆᔨᓗ, ᑐᓴᖅᑎᑦᓯᐅᑏᑦ ᓇᓂᓯᔪᖅ ᐃᓚᒌᓪᓗ ᖁᓕᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓱᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᓂᓯᔪᖅ. 1880-ᒥ 1881-ᒥᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᖅᓴᓕᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᑐᓴᒐᒃᓴᓕᐊᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐅᖃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᐊᓪᓚᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᕕᒃᑐᕐ ᐱᑕᓪ (Victor Bethell) ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖓ Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play (1901). ᐱᑕᓪ ᐅᐊᑦᑕ “ᔮᒡᒐᔅ”-ᒥᒃ ᑕᐃᒎᓯᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᔪᐊᒃᓴᐃᐊᒥᐅᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᓕᕆᔨᒥᓪᓗ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥᓪᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓᓂ ᔮᒡᒐᔅ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᖃᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ, ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕖᓐᓂ ᐃᑦᑎᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᓕᒫᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑕᖅᑭᐅᑉᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑕᒫᑦ ᓴᙱᙱᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᔪᖅ. ᐅᐊᑦᑕ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᖏᓪᓗ £120,000 ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᑦ. ᑳᓯᓄ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᑕᒫᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᓅᑦᑎᖅᓯᓕᖅᑐᖅ, ᔮᒡᒐᔅᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᕋᓛᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔪᖅ, ᑭᓪᓕᖅᓯᒪᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒥᖅᑯᓴᐅᔭᕐᒥ ᑕᑭᓐᓂᐊᕋᓛᒃᑯᑦ. ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ £40,000 ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᔪᖅ £80,000 ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᓗ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᓂᔪᖅ, ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪ 25 ᕗᕋᓐᑦ ᐸᐅᓐᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᒥᓕᐊᓐ ᕗᕋᓐᑦ. ᐱᑕᓪ ᐅᓪᓗᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑐᐊᖅ: ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ “ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᖁᓖᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓂ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ” ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᕕᐅᓂᖏᑦ.
ᐱᑕᓪ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᖁᓖᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᑯᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅᓗ. ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᑉ, ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᓄᓇᓂ ᑐᓴᒐᒃᓴᓕᐊᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖓᓂᒡᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᐊᑖᑕᖓᓗ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑐᓴᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖏᑦ ᓱᕋᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᖏᒡᓕᓚᐅᖅᐸ
ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑏᑦ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᓱᓇᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᓯᔪᑦ, ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᑦ.
ᖃᖓ ᑕᐅᕙᓃᓚᐅᖅᐸ
ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ 1880-ᒥ 1881-ᒥᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒪᐅᑏᑦ ᓯᑕᒪᑦ ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒋᑦ. ᔮᒡᒐ ᐊᐃᐳᕆᓪ 1881-ᒥ ᓇᓴᐃᓂᕐᒥ ᐃᓪᓗᒥᓂ ᐃᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᓄᓕᐊᖓ ᐃᓪᓗᐊᑉ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑎᖓᑎᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᐋᒡᒌᓯ 1881-ᒥ ᐱᖁᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲ ᐅᐊᑦᑕ ᐊᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 6 Greaves Street-ᒥ, ᐳᕋᑦᕗᑦ, ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑕᖓ ᐃᓪᓗ, ᐅᑐᐱᕆᒥᓗ ᐱᖁᑎᖃᖅᑐᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ. ᓯᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᖁᑎ ᐱᑕᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᖃᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᓱᖅᑕᐅᑎ ᑐᓂᓯᐅᑎᐅᔪᒥ ᐃᖅᑯᒻᒪᒥ, ᐃᓚᒌᓐᓂ ᐱᑕᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖓ, ᐅᐊᑦᑕ “ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑎᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᓪᓗ”, ᕉᓚᑦᒥ ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒥ ᑳᓯᓄᒧᑦ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᑐᖅ “ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᓯᑕᒪᓂ”, ᐅᓪᓗᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅᓗ ᒪᐃ 1, 1884.
ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ ᑐᑭᓯᔪᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᑕᐅᕙᓃᓂᖓᓂᒃ 1880 ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᑦ 1884-ᒧᑦ, ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓯᕐᒥ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᖃᔅᓯᓂ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐃᓚᐅᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᓚᐅᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᓇᓃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᑭᓇ ᐊᐱᖃᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᐸᐅᒃ
ᐱᑕᓪ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒪᐅᑎᖃᙱᑦᑐᑦ, ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐᓗ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪ ᐃᓪᓗᒥ ᓯᑕᒪᑐᐊᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑐᐊᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᑐᖃᖓ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑎᐅᑉ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᓱᕋᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᓯᒪᔪᐅᑉ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔭᖓ, ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᐋᓪᕗᕆᑦ (Alfred) ᐊᐱᖃᑎᒋᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐ ᓇᖏᖅᑕᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᐆᑦᔅ ᔮᒡᒐ (Oates Jagger), ᓄᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨ, ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖃᓕᕐᓂᖓ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ; ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᐊᑦᑕ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᖓ. ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᖃᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᐱᖃᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂ. ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ ᐃᓚᒥᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᓪᓚᑕᐅᔪᑦ, ᐃᓚᖓ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᐃᖃᓗᒃᑐᑦᑎᐊᖓ, ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑎᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ.
ᑳᓯᓄ ᓴᓇᔭᖓ
ᒫᓃᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᑕᓪ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ. ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᑳᓯᓄ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᑕᒫᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᓅᑦᑎᖅᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᔪᕐᒪᓪᓗ ᐊᖑᑎᒥᒃ ᐸᐃᕆᔅᒥ ᓴᓇᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓂᒃ ᓅᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᑎᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᔪᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐃᓂᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓯᕉᐅᑉᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᓯᕉᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᔾᔪᐊᕌᔭᒃ ᐃᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᑕᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᙱᑕᖓ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓪᓗᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 0.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᑐᓄᐊᓂ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓂᖃᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐳᓗᕙᑦᓴᕝ (Polovtsoff), 1930-ᖏᓐᓂ ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒥ International Sporting Club-ᒥ ᓯᕗᓕᖅᑎᐅᔪᖅ, ᐊᔾᔨᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ: ᓄᑖᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᓕᓐᓂᒃ, ᐅᓪᓗᑕᒫᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ. ᐃᑦᑐᕆᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᔾᔪᐃᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ, ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ.
ᐅᓪᓛᑕᒫᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑕᒫᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᒌᖅᓯᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ. ᐊᑐᓪᕗ ᓯᒥᑦ (Adolphe Smith) 1912 ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᑕᑯᔪᖅ, ᐳᓗᕙᑦᓴᕝᓗ 1937-ᒥ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᔮᒡᒐᒥᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᙱᑦᑐᑯᒃ, ᑳᓯᓅᓪᓗ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖓ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐅᐊᑦᑕ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᓂᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᖏᑎᒋᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸ
ᔪᓯᕝ ᔮᒡᒐ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᖓ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒍ, ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᑉ ᐱᐅᒋᓂᖅᓴᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᑭᒡᓕᖓ ᖃᖏᕐᓗᒍ ᑐᐊᖅ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 35:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → 35, 1-ᒧᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ 36-ᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᓐᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖃᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥᒃ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᕐᓂᖓᓂ. ᓈᒻᒪᒃᑐᒥ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ 37-ᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓗᒍ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᑕᖅᑭᕐᒥ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᑕᒫᑦ 500 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᓐᓂᒃ: 15,000 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ. ᓈᒻᒪᒃᑐᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ 405 ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᓴᖅᑭᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ, 20 ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᐊᑖᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᓈᓴᐅᑎ 465-ᓂ ᓴᖅᑭᖅᑐᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᓇᙵᑦ “ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᐊᑖᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ” ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔪᖅ, ᐃᓗᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᓂᑐᐊᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᑎᑦᓯᒐᔪᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᖅ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ 32-ᓂ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᓐᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓗ 11.6% ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ: 36 ᓯᑉᐳᑦᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᓯᑉᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎ ᐊᑭᖃᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖕᒥ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ: ᓯᐊᒃ (check).ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐅᑎᖅᑐᑦ 32.3 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᔪᑕᒫᑦ. ᑕᖅᑭᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓇᖏᖅᓯᓪᓗᓂ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᖏᑎᒋᔪᒥᒃ ᓴᖑᓯᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒃᑐᖅ, ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐅᓪᓗᑕᒫᑦ 500 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ; ᑭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ
ᔮᒡᒐ ᐃᓪᓗᕐᔪᐊᒥᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ. 1881-ᒥ 6 Greaves Street ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑐᖅ ᓕᑎᓪ ᕼᐊᑕᓐᒥ (Little Horton), ᐳᕋᑦᕗᑦ, ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓂᓗ ᖁᓕᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ, ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖓᓂ, ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᖁᓖᓂᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᓪᓗᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ, ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᑎᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᒥᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᐃᓱᒪᔪᖅ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ ᐱᖓᔪᐊᖓᓂᒃ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ ᐊᐱᖃᑎᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᖑᑏᓐᓄᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓄᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᓂ ᐃᓄᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓯᒪᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. 25 Greaves Street-ᒥ ᐊᐃᐳᕆᓪ 25, 1892-ᒥ ᑐᖁᔪᖅ, 61-ᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓕᒃ; ᑐᖁᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲ ᓯᐅᒃᑯᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ (diabetes) ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᓴᓪᕝᒥ ᐱᑕᓪ ᑐᑦᓯᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ (Bethel Chapel) ᐃᓪᓗᕈᓯᖃᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᓅᕝᕕᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ. ᐱᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᑭᖏᑦ £1,710.
ᐃᖏᕈᓯᖅ
“The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᐃᖏᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ 1892-ᒥ, ᔮᒡᒐ ᑐᖁᕝᕕᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒥ, ᐃᓚᒌᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᑯᓂ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᒃᑐᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑕ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᕗᕆᑦ ᒋᐅᐳᑦ (Fred Gilbert) ᓵᓪᔅ ᐅᐊᓪᔅ 1891-ᒥ ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓃᑦ ᑐᓪᓕᖅᑐᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ, ᑐᓴᒐᒃᓴᓕᐊᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ (ᐊᖑᑦ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ). ᓵᓪᔅ ᑭᖕᔅᑕᓐ (Charles Kingston) 1925-ᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᖅ: ᓴᐃᒻᒪᖅᓴᐅᑎ ᑕᒡᓚᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᖅ ᔪᐊᒃᓴᐃᐊᒥᐅᑉ ᑭᖑᓂᖓᓂ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒧᑦ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ: ᐃᓚᒌᑦ 1884-ᒥ ᐊᑭᓱᖅᑕᐅᑎᖓ, ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᖁᑎᓂᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᑕᓪᓗ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᔪᑦ. ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ, ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᓖᓪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ ᓱᓕᔪᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᑦ.
ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓚᒌᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᓂᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᓇᑭᙶᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᓯᒪᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᐱᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᓱᓕᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᑦ £1,710. ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪ, ᕗᓕᑦᓯᕐ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖓᓂ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ ᐃᓪᓗᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᒥᓄᓪᓗ ᑐᓂᓯᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᑦ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑭᓱᖅᑕᐅᑎᒥᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᓂᓪᓗ ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓂᒃ ᐊᓂᒍᐃᖅᑐᖅ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓃᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᑦ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Fletcher, A. From the Mill to Monte Carlo.
- Fletcher, A. “The true story of the man who broke the Monte Carlo bank: Joseph Hobson Jagger.”
- Bethell, V. Monte Carlo Anecdotes and Systems of Play.
- Kingston, C. The Romance of Monte Carlo.
- Polovtsoff, P. Monte Carlo Casino.
- Smith, A. Monaco and Monte Carlo.
- Quinn, R. The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo.