ᕉᓚᑦ ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓂ (UK)
ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒃ ᑳᓯᓅᑦ 1968-ᒥᑦ, ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂᓪᓗ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᖁᓕᓕᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᒥ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓛᖅ ᐊᑭᓪᓕᓛᖅ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᐃᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᕉᓚᑦᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ Gaming Act 1968 ᐱᓕᕆᐊᓕᓐᓂᖓᓂᑦ, ᐊᑯᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᓐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂ ᓯᕉ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᕙᒃᓗᓂ. 1999-ᒥᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᐃᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᖏᑦ ᕉᓚᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᔅᓯᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ £100-ᒥᒃ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ 20 ᓯᑭᓐᑕᒫᑦ, ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒧᑦ £486 ᐅᖓᑖᓄᐊᖅ ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐊᖏᓛᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐄᐳᕆᓪ 2019-ᒥ ᐊᖏᓛᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ £2-ᒧᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᖕᓂ ᕉᓚᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᑦ
Gaming Act 1968 ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑳᓯᓅᓂᒃ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᔪᓐᓇᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ (Great Britain) ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑎᑐᑦ, ᓄᑖᖑᔪᑉ Gaming Board-ᐅᑉ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓂᖓᓂ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐳᓛᖏᓪᓗ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᔪᓐᓇᖅᐳᑦ, ᓄᑖᖑᔪᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑎᒌᖕᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ 48 ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓂᒃ ᐅᑕᖅᑭᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᐱᖅᓱᖅᑕᖓᓂᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᓚᐅᖏᓐᓂᓂ; ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᒪᓕᒐᖅ 24 ᐃᑲᕐᕋᓄᑦ ᓇᐃᑦᑐᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ 1999-ᒥ ᐲᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐅᑐᐱᕆ 2005-ᒥ, Gambling Commission Gaming Board-ᒥᒃ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ. 1994-ᒥ ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ: ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ 37 ᐃᓂᓕᒃ ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᒃ 0-ᒥᑦ 36 ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒻᒥᓪᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᒥᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᖅ/ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ/ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᖏᔪᑦ/ᒥᑭᔪᑦ. 18 ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 1:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓯᕉᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᓯᕉᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᔾᔪᐊᕌᔭᒃ ᐃᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᑕᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᙱᑕᖓ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓪᓗᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 0.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᐊᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᔭᐅᔪᒥᒃ 1.35%-ᒥᒃ ᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾᑎᑐᑦᒪᓕᒐᖅᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾᕖᓇᓯ ᒪᓕᒐᖓ: ᓯᕉ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᐸᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᕿᑎᖓ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᕿᑎᐊᓄᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᒋᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ, 1.35%-ᒧᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᓐᓃᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ 2007-ᒥ Gambling Act 2005-ᒃᑯᑦ, ᑳᓯᓅᓪᓗ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐃᒻᒥᒃ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᐳᑦ; ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ ᓱᓕ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᔪᖅ, ᓯᕉᒥᓪᓗ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᒃᑐᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓗᒋᑦ.
ᕉᓚᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᖕᒥ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᖕᒥ
ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᐃᑦ (fixed-odds betting terminals), ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᐅᑎᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐃᑦ, ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ 1999-ᒥ ᓯᐊᒻᒪᒃᐸᓪᓕᐊᓚᐅᖅᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ 2001-ᒥ ᑖᒃᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᓯᓂᖅ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ. 2003-ᒥᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᑐᐊᖅ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔭᖓᑦ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᒪᓕᒐᓪᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ B2-ᒥ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ, ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᓛᖅ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ £100 ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ, 20 ᓯᑭᓐᑕᒫᑦ, ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᓛᖅ £500. ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒃ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, 97.3%-ᒥᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᐊᒥᓲᓛᖑᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, 2014–15-ᒥ, 35,000 ᐅᖓᑖᓄᐊᖅ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ.
ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᖅ 20 ᓯᑭᓐᑕᒫᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᑭᖃᕐᒪᖔᑦ
ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᖕᒪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᑎᑐᑦ. ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᓕᒃ ᒥᓂᑦᑕᒫᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎ 180-ᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒥ, 2.70%-ᓗ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᒃᑐᖅ. £100-ᒥ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ £18,000 ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐅᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ £486-ᓗ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᐊᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᒐᕙᒪᐅᑉ ᐊᑐᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᒥᑭᓕᖅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. £2-ᒥ £9.73 ᐅᕗᖅ.
ᑭᓇᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᑦ
British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007-ᒥ ᓇᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑖᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑐᑦ 11.2%-ᖏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᓗᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᖓᓂ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᑦ, ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖏᑦ 0.6%-ᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ; ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᒥᑭᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, 200 ᐅᖓᑖᓄᐊᖅ. ᑭᖑᓂᐊᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓃᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ 11.5%-ᒥᒃ 2015-ᒥ 13.6%-ᒥᒡᓗ 2016-ᒥ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᓕᒫᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕈᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᑲᐅᙱᓕᐅᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑲᐅᙱᓐᓂᓕᓐᓂᒡᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᐃᓴᖅᑐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖏᑦ ᖁᑦᑎᓂᖏᑦ, ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐋᓐᓂᖅᑕᐅᓂᕐᓗ ᐃᓱᒫᓗᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑐᓴᖅᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ ᒪᐃ 2018-ᒥ; ᐊᑐᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐄᐳᕆᓪ 1, 2019-ᒥ.
ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ, ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔪᐃᓪᓗ
ᐃᖏᓕᓐᓂ ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᕉᓚᑦ Gambling Commission-ᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ Gambling Act 2005 ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒍ; ᐃᐅᕌᐸᐅᑉ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖓ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᖓ GAMSTOP-ᓗ, ᓄᓇᓕᓕᒫᒥ ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᒃ. ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᒧᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᖏᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᐅᑉ ᓈᓴᐃᓂᖓ: ᕉᓚᑦ ᐊᑭᖓ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᒫᑦ 2.70%-ᖓ, ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᒥᓂᑦᑕᒫᑦ ᐱᔪᖅ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑭ ᐱᖓᓱᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᒥᓂᑦᑕᒫᑦ ᐱᕙᒃᑕᖓ. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕐᓗᒍ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᒥᑭᔪᖅ, ᓯᕉᒥᓪᓗ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓄᑦ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᓂ, £2 ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐄᐳᕆᓪ 2019-ᒥᑦ; ᑐᖁᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐊᖏᔪᖅ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᑦᑎᓂᖅᓴᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᓪᓗᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ.
ᐄ, ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒡᓗ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᓯᕉᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᓇᑉᐸᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᒐᔪᒃᐳᑦ. ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓗᒋᑦ.
ᒪᓕᒐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓚᖓ, Gambling Act 2005 ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒍ, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᐅᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᖕᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᓯᐅᑎᑦ ᖃᕆᑕᐅᔭᐃᑦ £100 ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐱᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ; ᐄᐳᕆᓪ 2019-ᒥᑦ ᑭᒡᓕᖓ £2.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᔪᖅ. ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓐᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Government response to the consultation on proposals for changes to gaming machines and social responsibility measures.
- Woodhouse, J. Fixed odds betting terminals.
- Gambling Commission. Industry statistics, November 2020.
- Wardle, H. et al. British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007.
- Gaming Act 1968 (c. 65).
- Gaming Clubs (Bankers’ Games) Regulations 1994 (SI 1994/2899).
- Statutory Instrument 2018/1402.
- UK Gambling Commission. Remote gambling and software technical standards.