ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᕉᓚᓪᓗ
ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 37 ᐃᓂᑦ, 2.70%. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᑕᒫᓂ ᑐᕌᖓᔪᖅ, ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᓗ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᐹᖓᓂ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᑐᓂᑦ ᓇᓂᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᓯᓚᑖᓂ.
“ᐃᐅᕌᐸ” ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᒥᒃ. ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓯᕉ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᓪᓗᒍ, ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᐊᕝᕙᖓ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓ.
ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐃᐅᕌᐸᓗ ᕉᓚᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᑦ
“ᕉᓚᑦ” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᑖᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᓐᓈᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ. ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᖃᖅᑐᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓕᕆᕝᕕᒃᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᖏᑦ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒃ, ᐅᓗᐱᓕᒐᖅ, ᐊᓐᓄᕌᒃᓴᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →, ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑏᓪᓗᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᐊᔪᒐᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᖃᔅᓯᓂᒃ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑦᓯᒻᒪᖔᑦ, “X 1-ᒧᑦ” ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓚᓇᒍ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓂᑦᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦᐃᓂᑲᐃᕙᖅᑐᒥ 37 ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓕᑦ ᐃᓂᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐃᓂᒋᐊᖅ, ᖃᓪᓗᐊᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦᑎᒍᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃᑐᖅ/ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ/ᐊᕕᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᖏᔪᑦ/ᒥᑭᔪᑦ. 18 ᓈᓴᐅᑏᑦ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 1:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᓂᖏᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᓯᕉᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅᓯᕉᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐅᔾᔪᐊᕌᔭᒃ ᐃᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᑕᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑐᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᙱᑕᖓ; ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓇᓪᓗᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ, 0.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓈᒻᒪᒃᑐᖅ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᑐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᓯᒪᓂᖅᓴᖅᑕᖓ: ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᕉᓚᑦᒥ 2.70%.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → 1.35%-ᒥᑦ 7.69%-ᒧᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᕆᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᕐᒧᑦ.
ᓱᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᓂ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓗᐊᖅᐸ
ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓂ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓈᓴᐅᑎ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ, ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎ 35:1.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑐᖅ 35, 1-ᒧᑦ 37 ᐃᓂᓕᓐᓂ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ, 35, 1-ᒧᑦ 38 ᐃᓂᓕᓐᓂ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᒥ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓂᖓ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑕᐅᔪᖅ: ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂ ᐊᓯᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐊᖁᑎᖃᓕᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᔪᒐᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᓂᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ. 37-ᒥᑦ 38-ᒧᑦ ᐃᓂᓄᑦ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ 1/37-ᒥᑦ 2/38-ᒧᑦ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᖅᑐᖅ, ᒪᕐᕉᕆᐊᖅᓗᒍ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓ.
ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓐᓂᖓ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐊᑭᖃᖅᐸ
100 ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓃᑦ $10-ᒥᒃ, ᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅᓈᓴᐃᓂᖅᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅᓂᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑭᖓ ᐊᕐᓕᒃᓗᒍ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ; ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᕐᒥ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᓂᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → $27 ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓ ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂ, $53 ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓗ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᓂ. ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒧᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓯᐅᑉ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᑖᓐᓇ $1,400 ᐊᒻᒪ $2,700, ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂᓗ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖓ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔪᐃᓂᖅ ᓴᙱᓂᖅᐹᖑᔪᖅ ᑕᒫᓂ: ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕆᐊᖃᖅᐸᑦ, ᓯᕉᑦ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᑦ.
ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᖅ ᓇᐃᓈᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ
ᓯᕉᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐸᐃᕆᔅᒥ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᓂ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᓐᓂ ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ 1790-ᖏᓐᓂ. 1843-ᒥ ᕗᕋᓐᓱᐊ ᓗᐃᓪᓗ ᐳᓚᓐ (François and Louis Blanc) ᐹᑦ ᕼᐊᒻᐳᕐᒃᒥ (Bad Homburg) ᑳᓯᓄᓕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖃᖅᑐᒥᒃ, ᐹᑕᓐ-ᐹᑕᓐ (Baden-Baden) ᕕᔅᐸᑕᓐᒥᓗ (Wiesbaden) ᑳᓯᓄᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᑭᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ. ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᒥᑭᓂᖅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᑎᑭᑎᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ; ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᐳᓚᓐᒥᒃ ᒪᓕᒃᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᒪᓐᑎ ᑳᓗᒧᑦ 1863-ᒥ, ᑕᐃᑲᙵᑦ ᐃᐅᕌᐸᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒐᔪᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓯᕉᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᖅᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᓯᕉᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓᑕ 00 ᐃᓂᖓ. ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᖓ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ 2.70%-ᒥᑦ 5.26%-ᒧᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥ ᐱᑕᖃᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐱᙳᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᕖᓇᓯ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᖅᑎᖏᓐᓂ ᑎᑭᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᓯᑦᑐᕆᐊᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ.
ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᓈᒻᒪᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᓂᖅ
ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᐅᑉ ᐊᑎᖓᓂ “ᐃᐅᕌᐸ” ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ “ᕖᓇᓯ” ᕿᓂᕐᓗᒍ, ᑐᓴᒐᒃᓴᓄᓪᓗ ᐃᓂᖓᓂ ᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾᒪᓕᒐᖅᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾᕖᓇᓯ ᒪᓕᒐᖓ: ᓯᕉ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᐸᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖓᑕ ᕿᑎᖓ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ ᕿᑎᐊᓄᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᒋᐊᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ, 1.35%-ᒧᑦ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᒍ. ᐃᓂᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᑳᓯᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᓴᓂᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᑯᑎᑦᓯᒐᔪᒃᑐᑦ, ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥᐅᑕᓗ ᐃᓚᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᑎᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒪᑕ. ᐃᓂᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ; ᓈᓴᕐᓗᒋᑦ.
ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑏᑦ
ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᖓ. ᕖᓇᓯ ᕉᓚᑦᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᖅᕖᓇᓯ ᕉᓚᑦᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓯᕉᓕᒃ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓐ ᐳᕆᓴᓐ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᒃ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᖕᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓ 1.35%-ᒧᑦ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ → ᓚ ᐸᕐᑕᔾᒥᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓐ ᐳᕆᓴᓐᒪᓕᒐᖅᐊᓐ ᐳᕆᓴᓐᕖᓇᓯ ᒪᓕᒐᖓ: ᓯᕉ ᐊᔪᒐᖅᐸᑦ, ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᓯᐅᔾᔨᑕᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᑐᓪᓕᐊᓄᑦ ᑲᐃᕙᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑏᓐᓂ ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ ᕿᑎᐊᓄᑦ ᒥᑭᓕᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ.ᐃᓘᓐᓇᖓ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ →-ᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᓯᔪᖅ, ᑳᓯᓅᑉ ᐃᓚᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᓕᓐᓂ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎᓂ ᐊᕝᕙᐃᓐᓇᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ. ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕕᖓ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᒪᓕᒐᖃᙱᑦᑐᖅ 2.70% ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂ.
ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓴᖅ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᓯᕉ ᐱᙳᐊᕐᕖᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒥ ᐊᖏᔪᓂᒃ ᑭᒡᓕᓕᓐᓂ ᐃᒡᓗᕈᓯᓐᓂ ᐱᑕᖃᖅᑐᑦ, ᒥᑭᓛᖅ ᐱᙳᐊᕈᑎ ᐊᖏᒻᒪᑦ.
ᐋᒡᒐ. ᐃᐅᕌᐸ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖏᑦ 37 ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑐᑦ, ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖏᑦ 38, ᓈᓴᐅᑏᓪᓗ ᑐᓪᓕᕆᐊᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᑦ; ᐊᒃᓴᓗᐊᖅ ᒪᑉᐱᒐᖓ ᑕᑯᓗᒍ.
ᐃᓪᓗᕐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᔾᔨᓕᐊᖅ
ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑐᑦ, ᐊᓯᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ ᐊᖁᑎᖃᖅᑐᖅ.
ᐱᕝᕕᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.